沙塵暴對台灣空氣品質影響

本研究主要探討沙塵暴期間對於台灣的空氣品質造成環境汙染和影響，蒐集相關資料及彙整行政院環境保護署監測站的懸浮微粒(PM10) 、細懸浮微粒(PM2.5)、空氣品質指標(Air Quality Index，AQI)來進行分析，此外還使用中級解析度成像分光輻射度計（Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer，MODIS）及逆軌跡整合模式(Hybird Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectories Model，HYSPLIT)有助於追蹤沙塵暴的路線、來源及範圍。每年11月到隔年5月中國西北、東北及內蒙古地區常常會發生沙塵暴，揚起的沙塵多半隨高空西風帶向東傳送，在特殊的天氣情況下，風速可能較弱或是大氣擴散條件不佳時，污染物容易累積，濃度有可能偏高，間接影響到台灣。透過行政院環境保護署的空氣品質監測網，收集了背景空氣品質監測站 (萬里、觀音、三義、橋頭、富貴角共5站；其中萬里、三義站兼一般測站)和工業空氣品質監測站 (頭份、線西、麥寮、臺西、前鎮，共5站)。這次研究以2018年至2019年沙塵暴期間個案及非沙塵暴期間來做比較和討論。研究發現，在沙塵暴期間對台灣的影響是從北到南、由西向東的趨勢，而 PM10、PM2.5 濃度會明顯上升，但以粗粒徑 PM10 增加較多；在非沙塵暴期間，PM10、PM2.5濃度會比沙塵暴期間來的低，但工業測站濃度會比背景測站來的高，推測可能是工廠排放所導致。

關鍵字

沙塵暴；氣膠

並列摘要

This study mainly discusses the environmental pollution and impact of sandstorm on Air Quality in Taiwan, collects relevant data and collects particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and Air Quality Index (AQI) from the monitoring stations of environmental Protection Department, Executive Yuan, for analysis. In addition, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS) and the Hybird single-particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectories Model (HYSPLIT) help trace the route, source and extent of dust storms. Every November to may next year China's northwest, northeast and Inner Mongolia region the sandstorm will happen often, most raise dust with high altitude westerlies eastward transmission, under the special weather conditions, wind speed may be weak or poor atmospheric diffusion conditions, pollutants to accumulate, concentration could be on the high side, indirect influence to Taiwan. Background air quality monitoring stations (wanli, Guanyin, Sanyi, Qiaotou and Fugui Jiao) were collected through the air quality monitoring network of the Environmental Protection Administration, Executive Yuan. (Wanli, Sanyi station and general station) and industrial air quality monitoring stations (tou, line west, Mailiao, Taixi, qianzhen, a total of 5 stations). This study compares and discusses cases during sandstorm and non-sandstorm periods from 2018 to 2019.The study found that the impact on Taiwan during the dust storm was from north to south and from west to east, and the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 would increase significantly, but the increase in coarse particle size PM10 was greater. During the non-sandstorm period, the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 will be lower than those during the sandstorm period, but the concentrations at industrial stations will be higher than those at background stations, which may be caused by factory emissions.