11種臺灣原生木本植物苗木在不同客土比例之泥岩惡地土之生長與存活表現

泥岩惡地之土壤顆粒細緻，顆粒之間膠結作用不佳，且含大量鈉離子致遇水時使土壤分散，鹽基離子亦令pH值偏高，以上特性皆導致一般植物生長不易。本研究將臺東縣卑南鄉利吉惡地之泥岩惡地土添加4種比例之砂質壤土(0, 25, 50, 75%, v/v)，於水分充足之情況下，進行土壤之物理化學性質與11種臺灣原生樹種苗木之存活率、生物量、苗高生長、地徑生長、累積生長指數與累積表現指數之調查，以變異分析探討適合栽植於泥岩惡地之樹種，以及客土能否改善各樹種苗木於泥岩惡地土之生長與存活表現。研究結果顯示，隨著客土量之增加，土壤之pH值、電導度、有機質與鈉含量以及苗木之平均存活率皆與無處理之泥岩惡地土具顯著差異，全氮、有效磷、陽離子交換能力、鉀、鈣、鎂之含量、平均生物量、累積生長指數與累積表現指數則未達顯著差異。綜合平均存活率與累積表現指數之結果，黃連木、相思樹、車桑子、櫸、臺灣欒樹與無患子6種樹種可嘗試將苗木栽植於泥岩惡地；樟葉槭、青剛櫟、楓香、樟樹與臺東石楠5種樹種則不適合於泥岩惡地，或需進行客土才能提高存活率。

關鍵字

惡地；泥岩；原生樹種；客土

並列摘要

Granules of mudstone badlands are meticulous, and the cementation between the granules isn’t strong. The soil contains a lot of sodium ions, which makes it disperse easily when contacting with water. The base ions also lead pH value getting high. These properties cause the plant to grow hard. In this study, the soil samples of Liji mudstone badland, Beinan Township, Taitung County, with four sandy loam additions (0, 25, 50, 75%, v/v) were used in the pots to investigate the physicochemical properties of soil and the survival rate, biomass, height, ground diameter, accumulation growth index and accumulation performance index of the seedlings in the environment of abundant water. In this study, we will use variance analysis to explore the species that could be planted in mudstone badlands and whether the different soil proportions improve the seedlings growing and survival performance. The results indicated that the pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter and Na+ of soil, as well as the survival rate of the seedlings planted in the soil adding sandy loam had significant differences compared with the soil of mudstone badlands. N, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, biomass, accumulation growth index, and accumulation performance index hadn’t significant differences in four soil proportions. The results using survival rate and accumulation performance index revealed that Acacia confuse Merr., Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq., Koelreuteria henryi Dummer, Pistacia chinensis Bunge, Sapindus mukorossii Gaertn. and Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino would be suited for four soil proportions. Therefore, this study suggested that those six species have the potential to survive in mudstone badlands by planting mature individuals. Acer albopurpurascens Hayata, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl. var. camphora, Liquidambar formosana Hance, Quercus glauca Thunb. var. glauca and Photinia serratifolia (Desf.) Kalkman var. ardisiifolia (Hayata) H.Ohashi. are not suited for the soil of mudstone badlands with 0% sandy loam addition. Their growing adaptability was raised by the proportion of sandy loam. These five species may not suit to plant in mudstone badlands or need to add sandy loam.