- 學位論文
貓鼻氣管炎不活化疫苗研發
Development of Inactivated vaccine for Feline Rhinotracheitis
摘要
貓皰疹病毒(Feline herpesvirus; FHV)引發的貓鼻氣管炎（Feline Rhinotracheitis）為世界上廣泛發生的貓科動物傳染疾病，此病毒於貓中帶原率可達八成。本病毒於1958年在美國首次被分離出來。其病原體FHV為一種雙股DNA病毒，屬於皰疹病毒科水痘病毒屬。此病毒藉由貓科動物眼鼻口分泌物直接接觸或經空氣感染，潛伏期普遍為2-6天。此病毒的急性感染症狀為：上呼吸道症狀、口鼻附近的皮膚病症、及眼睛感染等，且痊癒後病毒仍會潛伏在三叉神經，而當貓在緊迫狀態、免疫力下降等等情況，都會有病毒再活化的問題，本病除了難以痊癒易復發外，若發生併發症更可能會造成貓隻死亡。本病毒的市售疫苗以減毒疫苗為主，而保護效果上仍無法抑制輕症；此外少數不活化疫苗常使用的化學佐劑易造成貓咪產生肉瘤的問題。本研究目前以貓腎細胞進行貓皰疹病毒分離培養，結果可見貓皰疹病毒可於貓腎細胞中呈現CPE現象，分離之貓皰疹病毒以PCR放大TK基因後，確定病毒鹼基對符合文獻，並以TCID50測其力價，於達到期望力價後將其不活化，再搭配生物性佐劑，發展新的不活化疫苗。用上述疫苗進行動物實驗，透過中和抗體評估本疫苗的有效性。
並列摘要
Feline Rhinotracheitis is a worldwide feline epidemic triggered by the Feline herpesvirus (FHV). The latent infection rate of FHV can reach 80% in cats. FHV virus was first isolated in the U.S. in 1958. It’s a double-stranded DNA Varicellovirus of the Herpesviridae family. It is spread through the saliva, ocular, nasal secretions, or the air and the incubation period is around 2-6 days. The clinical signs of FHV include acute upper respiratory infections, conjunctivitis and keratitis, and associated dermatitis. Even when the cats survive the acute infection, FHV will hide in the trigeminal ganglion, and when the cats are under duress, it may be activated again. The problem of FHV is not only difficult for complete recovery, but it can also cause complications, which can lead to death as well. Most of the vaccines in the market are attenuated vaccines. Even so, this kind of vaccine is unable to restrain mild infection. And the few inactivated vaccines with alum or oil adjuvants may cause sarcoma. The current progress of this research is cultivating the FHV virus with Feline Kidney cells (F81), and it shows the CPE in F81 by FHV infection. The isolated FHV will be amplified with the TK gene by PCR. Then TCID50 will be performed to check the titer. After the inactivation of the virus, we will combine the antigen and the biological adjuvant to develop the vaccine. We will do the animal test and check the efficacy by neutralizing antibody detection.