東方草鴞、領角鴞、褐鷹鴞在猛禽棲架上的行為模式

棲架可吸引多種猛禽停棲，本研究針對目前記錄較多的3種貓頭鷹:東方草鴞(Tyto longimembris)、領角鴞(Otus lettia)和褐鷹鴞(Ninox japonica)，分析其在猛禽棲架上的出現頻度及行為模式。2020-2022年在屏東、高雄、台東地區設立的棲架中，挑選3種貓頭鷹各4個主要樣區，涵蓋約一年的資料。出現頻度分析使用照片資料，總計35123張照片；行為分析使用影片資料，總計8,088段影片。月出現頻度結果，草鴞的各月份的出現頻度較為穩定，繁殖區會有較高的出現頻度；領角鴞冬季的出現頻度比夏季時高，可能與育雛時的覓食壓力有關；褐鷹鴞為冬候鳥，因此只有10-3月有紀錄。夜間逐時出現頻度變化結果，草鴞出現的高峰為19時及4時，20-3時則是皆有出現；領角鴞為20-3時皆有穩定出現；褐鷹鴞在18時是高峰，之後逐漸降低直至日出。行為分析結果，草鴞的行為較多樣，特別是有頻繁的鳴叫行為，顯示棲架對草鴞有社交功能，只有在繁殖期間會帶獵物短暫停留棲架；領角鴞和褐鷹鴞都是利用棲架捕食，而褐鷹鴞花較長時間處理獵物。從結果中得知三種夜行性猛禽的出現時間及使用棲架的目的皆有不同，透過棲架可以了解牠們的行為模式，猛禽棲架搭配自動相機作為一種新型態的行為研究方法，未來可以有更多的應用。

關鍵字

猛禽棲架；自動相機；行為模式；東方草鴞；領角鴞；褐鷹鴞

並列摘要

Perches attract various raptors. This study focused on three commonly recorded owl species: Eastern Grass Owl(Tyto longimembris), Collared Scops Owl(Otus lettia), and Brown Boobook(Ninox japonica), analyzing their occurrence frequencies and behavioral patterns on raptor perches. Data spanning approximately a year were collected from 12 main sites in Pingtung, Kaohsiung, and Taitung area where raptor perches were established between 2020 and 2022. Frequency of occurrence was analyzed using photo data (35,123 photos in total), while behavioral analysis was based on video data (8,088 clips in total). Monthly occurrence frequency results showed stable appearances of the Eastern Grass Owl throughout the year, with higher frequencies in breeding areas. The Collared Scops Owl exhibited higher winter frequencies than in summer, likely due to foraging pressures during chick-rearing periods. The Brown Boobook, being a winter visitor, was only recorded from October to March. Daily occurrence frequency results indicated peaks for the Eastern Grass Owl at 19:00 and 04:00, with appearances throughout the night from 20:00 to 03:00. The Collared Scops Owl consistently appeared between 20:00 and 03:00. The Brown Boobook peaked at 18:00 and gradually decreased until sunrise. Behavioral analysis revealed diverse behaviors in the Eastern Grass Owl, particularly frequent vocalizations, suggesting a social function of perches for this species. They briefly stayed on perches with prey only during the breeding period. Both the Collared Scops Owl and Brown Boobook used perches for hunting, with the latter spending more time handling prey. The results highlight differences in the timing of appearance and purpose of perch use among these nocturnal raptors. Utilizing perches provided insights into their behavioral patterns. Raptor perches combined with automatic cameras present a novel method for behavioral studies, promising diverse applications in the future.