小型農場中絲瓜及苦瓜生產碳足跡之研究

農業生產所產生溫室氣體在全球氣候變化中扮演著關鍵角色。葫蘆科為重要的經濟作物之一，被廣泛種植及消費且營養價值高，富含多種維生素、礦物質及抗氧化劑。本研究為葫蘆科中之絲瓜與苦瓜，根據農業部於2022年統計絲瓜及苦瓜收成面積分別為2332.4 ha及1543.57 ha。本研究所探討小型農場(4分面積)中，絲瓜與苦瓜於種植期間，種植不同密度所施用肥料及割草機等，所產生總碳排放量為22669.038 kg CO2e、16033.092 kg CO2e。本研究農場種植絲瓜706株，苦瓜種植360株，其平均單株碳排放量分別為32.109 kg CO2e、44.536 kg CO2e。另因收成量有其差異，絲瓜與苦瓜收成量為9000 kg及6500 kg，1公斤的絲瓜與苦瓜平均貢獻2.519 kg CO2e、2.467 kg CO2e。絲瓜與苦瓜從搖籃到墳墓碳排放為145.648 t CO2e及76.984 t CO2e，其單株總碳排放量為206.301 kg CO2e和213.845 kg CO2e，絲瓜與苦瓜收成分別裝箱為500箱及361箱，分批運送至市場，每箱的平均總碳排放分別為291.297 kg CO2e及213.253 kg CO2e。本研究探討絲瓜和苦瓜於農業生產所產生之溫室氣體排放，種植密度及蔬菜從種植到運輸和包材之過程對溫室氣體排放有不同之貢獻。未來可採取不同措施來減少農業生產過程中的碳排放量，包括優化種植密度、改善肥料使用率或改用堆肥、優化運輸和包材方式，以應對全球氣候溫化之挑戰。

關鍵字

絲瓜；苦瓜；碳足跡；溫室氣體

並列摘要

Agriculture is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions and a major factor in the phenomenon of global climate change. Because of its high nutritional value and abundance of various vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, the Cucurbitaceae family of crops is an important economic crop widely grown and consumed. The bitter gourd and luffa are the study's principal subjects. According to a 2022 Ministry of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, R.O.C.(Taiwan) report, luffa and bitter gourd were grown on 2332.4 hectares and 1543.57 hectares of land, respectively. This study examines the emissions from a 0.4 hectare small farm used for luffa and bitter gourd cultivation, different planting density with a particular emphasis on the use of mowers and fertilizers. It was discovered that the emissions for luffa were 22669.038 kg CO2e and bitter gourd were 16033.092 kg CO2e. The study addresses the emissions that come from varying planting densities. The average carbon emissions per plant on the farm were 32.109 kg CO2e for 706 luffa plants and 44.536 kg CO2e for 360 bitter gourd plants. The yield also differed according to the number of plants; 9,000 kg of luffa and 6,500 kg of bitter gourd were harvested. Luffa contributed 2.519 kg CO2e and bitter gourd contributed 2.467 kg CO2e on average per kilogram. From the cradle to the grave, the carbon emissions for luffa and bitter gourd were 145.648 t CO2e and 76.984 t CO2e, respectively. The total carbon emissions per plant were 206.301 kg CO2e for luffa and 213.845 kg CO2e for bitter gourd. The harvests were carried to the market in batches after being packed into 500 boxes of luffa and 361 boxes of bitter gourd. For luffa and bitter gourd, the average total carbon emissions per box were 291.297 kg CO2e and 213.253 kg CO2e, respectively. The greenhouse gas emissions from the agricultural production of bitter gourd and loofah are examined in this study. Different processes, ranging from cultivation to transportation and packaging, impact greenhouse gas emissions differently. These include planting density. To lower carbon emissions in agricultural production, future actions can be implemented. Increasing planting density, converting to compost or using more efficient fertilizers, and streamlining packing and shipping procedures are some of these actions. These methods are meant to deal with the problems that climate warming has brought about.