- 學位論文
不同萃取方式對巴西莓(Euterpe oleracea Mart.)抑制碳水化合物水解酶與糖化終產物能力的影響
Effects of Different Extraction Methods on Acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) in Inhibition of Carbohydrate Hydrolyzing Enzyme Activity and Advanced Glycation End Products Formation
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摘要
伴隨醫療科技進步，傳染性疾病的控制，現代人生活方式逐漸靜態化，卻也導致文明病盛行，糖尿病儼然已成為目前棘手的健康議題；長期服用人工或合成的治療藥物容易衍生副作用，因此開發天然保健食品預防糖尿病已是當今趨勢。巴西莓(Euterpe oleracea Mart., Acai)是中南美洲和熱帶雨林國家著名的水果之一，文獻指出巴西莓具有抗氧化和抗發炎活性；有鑒於臺灣地區尚未有本土巴西莓對碳水化合物水解酶與糖化終產物(Advanced glycation end products, AGEs)抑制能力的相關資料，故本研究係以本土巴西莓為原料，經由超音波、酵素水解和高壓靜電場等三種萃取方式，探討其抗氧化活性，以及抑制α-澱粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶活性與AGEs的生成能力，另外加入市售樣品進行比較，並以HPLC分析生物活性成分含量和差異。最後，找尋最適化微膠囊條件，利用微膠囊技術將萃取物進行包埋製粉，藉以開發作為保健產品的潛力。研究結果顯示，三種萃取方式中，總酚含量與DPPH自由基清除能力以超音波萃取者最佳，各約高達4260 mg GAE/100g DW及86%清除率；總類黃酮含量以超音波萃取和酵素水解者無顯著差異，高壓靜電場次之；本土樣品總花青素含量約為市售樣品的15倍之多(732及46 mg/100 g)；FRAP三價鐵還原力以酵素水解者最佳，約969 µmole/L；三種方式的萃取物SOD-like活性相近；抑制α-澱粉酶活性以酵素水解者最高；抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性以超音波萃取者最高；三種萃取方式對於抑制AGEs生成皆有不錯效果，約在88~95%之間，進一步使用HPLC分析得知，以超音波和高壓靜電場萃取兩者富含表兒茶素和丁香酸，酵素水解者則擁有大量牡荊素和芥子酸；主成分分析表明本土樣品比市售樣品具有更佳抗氧化活性，以及抑制酵素和抗糖化的能力，並以牡荊素(F=8421, R2=0.99)、表兒茶素(F=4020, R2=0.99)及芥子酸(F=2049, R2=0.99)為區隔樣品之主要貢獻因子。最適化微膠囊條件，透過調整壁材濃度和比例，其成品包埋率可達96%。綜上所述，高壓靜電場已被視為新興加工技術，亦可應用於巴西莓抗AGEs成分的萃取，期許未來能開拓更寬闊的運用範圍，同時提高巴西莓在臺灣的能見度。
並列摘要
With the advancement of medical technology and the control of infectious diseases, modern society has witnessed a rise in civilization-related diseases, with diabetes emerging as a significant health concern. Prolonged use of artificial drugs may lead to adverse effects, prompting a shift towards natural health products for diabetes prevention. Acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), renowned for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, in Central and South America and tropical rainforest regions, remains unexplored in Taiwan concerning its ability to inhibit carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This study utilized native acai and employed three extraction methods (ultrasound, high voltage electrostatic field and enzyme hydrolysis) to investigate their antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition, and compared with commercial samples. HPLC analysis was conducted to determine the bioactive ingredient content. Finally optimal microencapsulation conditions were sought to develop these extracts into potential health products. The research revealed that ultrasound extraction exhibited the highest total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging ability, approximately 4260 mg GAE/100g DW, and an 86% clearance rate. There was no significant difference in total flavonoid content between ultrasound extraction and enzyme hydrolysis, whereas the native samples had significantly higher total anthocyanin content compared to commercial (732 & 46 mg/100 g). Enzyme hydrolysis demonstrated the highest FRAP, around 969 µmole/L, the SOD-like activity of three extracts are similar. Ultrasound extraction was most effective against α-glucosidase activity, while enzymatic hydrolysis inhibited α-amylase activity the highest. All extraction methods showed effectiveness in inhibiting AGEs formation, ranging from approximately 88% to 95%. Further HPLC analysis revealed differences in bioactive compounds among extraction methods, ultrasound and high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) enriches both epicatechin and syringic acid, while enzymatic hydrolysis yields high levels of vitexin and sinapic acid. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that indigenous samples exhibited superior antioxidant activity, as well as the ability to inhibit enzymes and glycation compared to commercially available samples. The major contributing factors for sample differentiation were identified as vitexin (F=8421, R2=0.99), epicatechin (F=4020, R2=0.99), and sinapic acid (F=2049, R2=0.99). Optimizing microencapsulation conditions by adjusting the concentration and ratio of wall materials can achieve a final encapsulation efficiency of up to 96%. In summary, HVEF viewed as an emerging processing technology, holds promise for extracting anti-AGEs components from acai. It is anticipated to broaden the application scope and enhance the visibility of acai in Taiwan.
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