- 學位論文
透水道路鋪面在動態載重下力學反應之實測與模擬分析
Field Measurements and Simulation Analysis of Mechanical Responses of Permeable Road Pavement under Dynamic Loading
摘要
透水道路鋪面因其開放級配設計，使其結構強度相對較低，主要適用於輕交通量區域。然而，對於透水道路鋪面內部力學性質的研究相對較少，為了拓展其應用範圍，精確模擬其應力參數至關重要。本研究旨在評估移動載重與不同車速對透水道路鋪面各深度力學反應的影響，並結合動態載重試驗與三維有限元素模擬分析鋪面內部的動態反應。 動態載重試驗於台灣屏東科大路段進行，試驗區間為里程15k+125至15k+225處。在108年10月25日使用35噸砂石車以40 km/h的速度行駛於53公分厚的透水道路鋪面上，並藉由埋設的土壓感測器監測鋪面3、8、13與33公分深度的應力反應。 現場試驗結果顯示，車輪載重對透水道路鋪面的應力影響隨著深度增加而顯著減少。在3公分與8公分深度處，應力波動劇烈，顯示車輪對鋪面面層與底層產生較大的壓力影響，且有明顯的疊加效應。隨著深度達到13公分以上，應力反應逐漸平穩，並且車輪載重對鋪面的影響顯著衰減，這顯明透水道路鋪面結構具備有效吸收和分散應力的能力。 本研究使用Abaqus/CAE 2021建立透水道路鋪面與輪胎的交互模型，並以屏東科大路段的透水道路鋪面及砂石車輪胎為原型，進行現場試驗數據驗證。模型在應力模擬中表現出高準確性，面層應力預測誤差低於10%。研究探討車輪速度、鋪面厚度與材料特性對應力分佈的影響。結果顯示，車輪速度對鋪面應力的影響隨深度增加而減少，開放級配瀝青混凝土（OGFC）層對車速變化較敏感，多孔瀝青混凝土（PAC）層則顯示較高車速會增加應力。鋪面厚度增加能有效提升應力分散能力，建議鋪面厚度不應少於30公分，以平衡結構強度與材料經濟性。 關鍵字：透水道路鋪面、動態載重試驗、有限元素模擬、應力反應、 車速影響
並列摘要
Permeable road pavement, due to its open-graded design, has relatively low structural strength and is primarily suitable for low-traffic areas. However, research on the mechanical properties of permeable pavement is relatively limited. To expand its application, accurately simulating its stress parameters is crucial. This study aims to evaluate the effects of moving loads and different vehicle speeds on the mechanical response at various depths of permeable pavement, combining dynamic load testing and three-dimensional finite element simulation to analyze the pavement’s internal dynamic behavior. The dynamic load test was conducted on a section of Ke-Da road near National Pingtung University of Science and Technology (NPUST), covering the mileage from 15k+125 to 15k+225. On October 25, 2019, a 35-ton gravel truck traveled at a speed of 40 km/h on a 53 cm thick permeable pavement. Earth pressure sensors embedded at depths of 3 cm, 8 cm, 13 cm, and 33 cm were used to monitor stress responses within the pavement. The field test results indicate that the impact of wheel loading on permeable pavement stress significantly decreases with depth. At depths of 3 cm and 8 cm, stress fluctuations were intense, demonstrating substantial pressure effects on the surface and base layers, along with evident superposition effects. As depth increased beyond 13 cm, the stress response gradually stabilized, and the influence of wheel loading on the pavement significantly attenuated. This suggests that the permeable pavement structure of the study site effectively absorbs and distributes stress. In this study, an interactive model of permeable pavement and tires was established using Abaqus/CAE 2021, with the permeable pavement and gravel truck tires from the selected test site as prototypes for validation. The model demonstrated high accuracy in stress simulation, with a surface stress prediction error of less than 10%. The study further explored the effects of vehicle speed, pavement thickness, and material properties on stress distribution. The results show that the influence of vehicle speed on pavement stress diminishes with depth. The open-graded friction course (OGFC) layer is more sensitive to speed changes, while the porous asphalt concrete (PAC) layer exhibits increased stress at higher speeds. Increasing pavement thickness significantly enhances stress dispersion capacity. It is recommended that the permeable road pavement thickness should not be less than 30 cm to balance structural strength and material cost efficiency. Keywords: permeable road pavement, dynamic load test, finite element simulation, stress response, vehicle speed impact