裝飾圖樣法則應用於視覺意象分析研究－以鐵窗花為例

裝飾圖樣法則(International Notation for Symmerry Groups of Tiling)是構成圖像的基本要素、也是設計教育領域的基礎課程，且日常生活中隨處可見。鐵窗圖案的拼接手法與外觀能將裝飾圖樣法則的變化作用表現出來。本研究欲瞭解有無設計背景的受測者對於裝飾圖樣法則應用於鐵窗設計的視覺認知，並找出最受民眾喜愛的鐵窗花圖像與拼接運用。首先以田野調查蒐集60個鐵窗花樣本，參考圖樣法則構成方式將樣本圖地分離後依圖層拆解，同時分析出鐵窗花最常使用基本圖樣有「圓形」、「菱形」、「心形」、「勾勾」、「菱角」、「弧形」；及應用裝飾圖樣法則「單純平移發展」、「以單純平移發展」、「雙軸鏡射雙向發展」，並分層歸類，較複雜樣本可分為5層，再請專家進行小組會議以KJ法分類出8個意象形容詞，經篩選後挑出16組代表性樣本。最後邀請20位設計背景與20位無設計背景進行眼動認知實測，結合視覺意象問卷調查。本研究將眼動數據及問卷結果進行統計分析，結果顯示有無設計背景在鐵窗花意象、偏好度沒有顯著影響，而受測者對於鐵窗花意象認知為「莊重復刻因子」，其凝視時間較少，裝飾圖樣法則規範為「以單純平移發展」及「以單向平移；左右鏡射發展」，需具備鐵窗花層次第2層至第3層的圖層；偏好度方面受測者觀看樣本位置數越少，偏好度越高，其規範為「以單純平移發展」、「雙軸鏡射雙向發展」及「鏡射後90度旋轉發展」，需具備裝飾圖樣3層次圖層。視覺差異中，確認受過設計背景民眾對圖樣認知較高所以凝視位置集中，一般背景在陌生的圖樣認知出現掃視，且凝視位置分散。本研究眼動實驗結果，將有無設計背景民眾對鐵窗花的意象、偏好分析結果轉化為設計要素，提拱未來鐵窗花構成設計參考依據。

關鍵字

視覺認知；裝飾圖樣法則；圖像拼接；鐵窗花；眼動追蹤

並列摘要

The decorative pattern rules (International Notation for Symmetry Groups of Tiling) is the basic elements to generate an image and also the basic courses in the field of design education, it can be seen around us in our daily life. The mosaic method and appearance of the iron window grilles can express the transform of the decorative pattern rules. This study is to understand the visual cognition of the subject (with or without design background) to design the iron window grilles by using the threory of the decorative pattern rules. Furthermore, finding out the most popular images of iron window grilles and the splicing types. At the beginning, 60 iron window grilles samples were collected through field study and the sample map was separated according to the composition method of the pattern rule, At the same time, the most frequently used basic patterns of iron window grilles is analyzed, which are circle shape, diamond shape, heart shape, hook shape, water chestnut shape, arc shape, and then disassembled according to the layers. At the same time, the most commonly used components of the iron window grilles were analyzed and the decorative pattern rules were applied, and they were classified into layers. The complexity of the samples can be divided into 5 layers, and then invite experts to conduct a group meeting to classify 8 image adjectives by KJ method, and select 16 groups of representative samples. Finally, 20 people with design background and 20 people without design background were invited to conduct eye movement cognition experiment, combined with visual imagery questionnaire survey. In this study, the eye movement data and the questionnaire results were statistically analyzed, and the results showed that the subject with or without design background had no significant effect on the iron window grilles imagery, preference. The subject's cognition of the imagery of the iron window grille is "decorative engraved factor", and their gaze time is relatively small. The decorative pattern rules are "developed by simple translation" and "one-way translation; left and right mirror development". Iron window grille layers is needed (layers from layer 2 to layer 3) ; In the aspect of preference, the fewer the number of sample positions the subject watches, the higher the preference. The criteria are "development by simple translation", "two-way development by two-axis mirroring" and "90-degree rotation after mirroring", the iron window grilles are required 3 layers . In terms of visual differences, it is confirmed the subject with a design background have a higher cognition of patterns, so their gaze positions are concentrated. Subjects without design background have saccades when they recognize unfamiliar patterns, so their gaze positions are scattered. The results of the eye movement experiment in this study transformed the imagery and preference analysis results of people with or without design backgrounds on the iron window grilles into design elements, and provided references for the design of iron window grilles in the future.