ESG 與金融創新對銀行效率的影響

隨著大眾對 ESG 議題的關注日益增強，加上金融科技的蓬勃發展，臺灣的銀行業正面臨前所未有的挑戰和機遇。近年來，金管會積極促進各大銀行投入 ESG及金融創新領域。為了實現永續經營，銀行必須不斷提升創新能力，這成為了一項保持競爭優勢的關鍵戰略資源。然而，對銀行而言，ESG 及創新活動具有高度不確定性、特殊性，且屬於長期導向的投資，這些活動需要龐大的資源和成本，而其帶來的效益往往難以明確衡量。在這樣的背景下，本文以臺灣 35 家銀行業為樣本，利用資料包絡分析之共同邊界成本法及 Tobit 迴歸模型，探討銀行的 ESG和金融創新對其效率的影響。研究結果顯示，金控銀行在共同成本效率和共同配置效率方面皆優於非金控銀行，而兩者的共同規模效率則表現相當。此外，ESG對銀行的績效呈現正向顯著的關係，除了“低數位、高專利”和 ESG 在銀行的績效上呈現負向的相互作用外，不同程度的金融創新和 ESG 對銀行的績效具有正向的相互作用。其中又以“低數位、低專利”及“高數位、低專利”和 ESG 對銀行的績效具有顯著的相互作用。這些發現為銀行業者提供了重要的參考，對於未來的發展策略和管理方針具有重要的意義。

關鍵字

ESG ；金融創新；銀行績效；資料包絡分析法； Tobit 迴歸

並列摘要

As public attention towards ESG issues intensifies and fintech develops rapidly, the banking industry in Taiwan faces unprecedented challenges and opportunities. In recent years, the Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC) has actively promoted ESG and financial innovation among major banks. To achieve sustainable operations, banks must continuously enhance their innovation capabilities, which have become a key strategic resource for maintaining competitive advantage. However, for banks, ESG and innovation activities are characterized by high uncertainty, specificity, and long-term orientation. These activities require substantial resources and costs, and their benefits are often difficult to measure precisely. Against this backdrop, this study uses a sample of 35 Taiwanese banks and applies the Common Frontier Cost Data Envelopment Analysis and Tobit regression model to investigate the impact of ESG and financial innovation on bank efficiency. The results indicate that financial holding banks outperform non-financial holding banks in terms of meta cost efficiency and meta allocation efficiency, while both exhibit similar performance in meta scale efficiency.Additionally, ESG shows a significant positive relationship with bank performance. Except for the "low digitalization, high patents" scenario, where ESG has a negative interaction with bank performance, different levels of financial innovation and ESG have a positive interactive effect on bank performance. Notably, the "low digitalization, low patents" and "high digitalization, low patents"scenarios exhibit significant interactive effects with ESG on bank performance.These findings provide crucial insights for banking practitioners, offering important implications for future development strategies and management policies.