- 學位論文
福島核電廠事故對台灣環境輻射造成之影響
Environmental Radiation Impact of Fukushima Nuclear Event To Taiwan
摘要
日本東北地區宮城外海在 2011年3月11日，發生一起芮氏規模約9.4的海底地震，隨著地震引發的大海嘯，造成建築物損壞，停水停電，人員傷亡……等災害，我們簡稱它為「311大地震」。海嘯使得福島第一核電廠一系列設備損毀，為1986年車諾比核電廠事故以來最嚴重的核子事故。 本研究主要目的將客觀的深入探討福島核電廠事故對台灣環境輻射造成之影響，其中分別用了輻射源項 (source term) 之分析、大氣擴散模式之評估、海洋擴散模式之評估、國內各單位環境輻射監測結果、收集由災區進口食品監測數據，依照劑量評估模式評估可能對國民造成的最大有效劑量。 結果發現，在台灣地區的抽氣、水盤等環境試樣測得微量放射核種，包括碘-131、銫-134、銫-137和氚等核種，經體內外暴露途徑分別作劑量評估結果顯示，以水盤法在100年第一、二季體外曝露的有效劑量合計為6.92×10-6毫西弗/年。加上體內曝露的有效劑量最高為高雄站的1.88×10-4毫西弗/年，估計因為福島意外事件對台灣地區居民造成的有效劑量合計約為2×10-4毫西弗/年。遠低於原子能委員會規定一般人因例行輻射作業年劑量限值1毫西弗的標準。53,337件進口食品檢驗結果僅發現196件含微量人造核種，但均遠低於法規限值，無食用安全之顧慮。環境水樣氚的分析結果也未發現受到汙染。
關鍵字
none並列摘要
A Richter scale intensity of 9.4 earthquake occurred off the coast of Miyagi county in northeastern region of Japan in March 11, 2011. The earthquake triggered a tsunami caused corruption of many buildings, public water and electricity utilities, and many of the people injured and dead in the disaster. we referred it as the "311 Earthquake." Tsunami caused a series of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant damage, which is the most serious nuclear accident after the Chernobyl nuclear accident occurred in 1986. The main purpose of this study is focused on the environmental radiation impact of the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident to Taiwan. This study include the radiation source term analysis, assessment of gases effluent by atmospheric dispersion model , evaluation of oceanic pollution , collection of environmental radiation monitoring data and foodstuff survey data . Finally we evaluate the maximum effective dose may caused to the people in Taiwan according to the dose assessment model. Results showed that a trace amount radionuclides, including iodine-131, cesium-134, cesium-137 and H-3 were measured in the environmental samples of aerosol filter and water tray in Taiwan. After considering each possible exposure pathway, The assessed external effective dose is 6.92 × 10-6 mSv / y in the first and second quarter of 2011. The internal effective doses to the highest observation station in Kaohsiung was 1.88 × 10-4 mSv / year. In total, estimated maximum effective dose to Taiwan residents amounted to approximately 2 × 10-4 mSv / year. This result is far below the dose limit of 1 mSv/y standard under routine radiation practice for general public. In total 53,337 pieces of imported foodstuff were inspected. Only 196 samples contain trace amounts of artificial radionuclides , but were far below regulatory limits. There is no food safety concern. Analysis of environmental water samples showed no tritium contamination is found.