佛教經典中有關四聖諦之考察-以苦諦和道諦為中心-

本論文主要研究佛教經典的四聖諦，並集中討論當中的苦和道。　　四聖諦為佛教用語，意指四種神聖的真諦。換言之，四聖諦就是解說佛陀覺悟真理的過程，將現實的情況，以及問題的解決方法歸納總結而成的四種真理，即是苦諦、集諦、滅諦和道諦，簡稱苦、集、滅、道。　　本論文詳細論述四聖諦中的苦諦和道諦。當中包括說明佛教的歷史背景、分析當中的教義及概述涅槃經中有關四聖諦的內容。　　除此之外，本論文亦分析苦和道。先說明苦的根源，再解說苦的解除方法，最後說明何謂「道」。　　最後簡述四聖諦與現代社會之間的關係。　　本論文以四聖諦在現代社會中具有重要之影響作結論。

關鍵字

四聖諦；十二因緣；八正道

並列摘要

This paper focuses on the research of the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism Classics, the discussion of the truth of suffering and the truth of the path to the cessation of suffering. Four Noble Truths is the Buddhist expression that refers to the four types of holy truths.　In other words, the Four Noble Truths means the four kinds of truths that explain the process of how the Buddha came to the realization of the truth, using real situations and problem-solving methods to conclude the four types of truths, which are: the truth of suffering, the truth of the origin of suffering, the truth of the cessation of suffering and the truth of the path to the cessation of suffering. This paper discusses on the truth of suffering and the truth of the path to the cessation of suffering of the Four Noble Truths.　It includes the illustration of the historical background of the Four Noble Truths, the analysis of the teachings, and explanation of the contents of the Four Noble Truths in the Mahayana-Mahaparinirvana Sutra (Nirvana Sutra). Furthermore, this paper also analyzes the truth of suffering and the truth of the path to the cessation of suffering, by firstly explaining the root of suffering, and secondly the ways to end suffering by elaborating on what the “the path” is. Thelast part briefly describes the relationship between the Four Noble Truths and modern society. This paper concludes by illustrating the significant role of the Four Noble Truths in modern society.