居民的情感凝聚、感知利益與成本對觀光發展支持的影響：以茂林區為例

本研究將探討居民對遊客的情感凝聚、集體及個人利益與成本的各面向與觀光發展支持的影響關聯性。除經濟利益與成本議題之外，再以心理情感的層面來進一步探究有關觀光發展支持的問題。觀光帶來經濟收益，也必然同時引入外來的衝擊，對於一群以傳統獨特文化自居的魯凱族下三社群原住民而言，勢必要在其間取得調適。部落居民生活與觀光有絕對密切的關係，因此對於觀光的感受也是最為直接與強烈。本研究採用文獻評析法及問卷調查為工具，以茂林區三里部落居民為研究對象，共計回收267份有效問卷，透過統計軟體與結構方程模型探討整個人口變項對情感凝聚、利益與成本和觀光發展支持的比較關係，並進一步個別分析情感凝聚對利益與成本，以及利益與成本對觀光發展支持的影響。綜合結果顯示，茂林區部落居民並不認為集體與個人的成本是影響觀光發展支持的重要因素，但情感的凝聚卻是影響成本及利益的重要因子，社區居民集體的利益與成本及與遊客間的情感凝聚是茂林區居民支持發展觀光的主要原因，對於觀光發展對整體環境的衝擊認為是正面效益大於負面情緒。

關鍵字

情感凝聚；感知利益與成本；觀光發展支持；茂林區；魯凱族

並列摘要

The study focuses on the impacts of residents’ emotional solidarity, perceived benefits and costs on tourism development support. Except economic benefits and costs, the investigation of psychological feeling related to tourism development support is conducted. Promoting tourism is not a panacea for development. Tourism brings economic benefits; however, it also inevitably introduces external impacts. For a group of aboriginal people in Rukai tribe, who are proud of unique traditional culture, are necessary to adjust their mentality in the dilemma. The Residents' ordinary life of aboriginal tribe is extensively connected to tourism, so the intense feelings for sightseeing activities are straightforward. Literature explorations and questionnaires as surveying tools are applied for Rukai tribe residents in Maolin District of Koahsiung City. 267 valid questionnaires of the survey are collected. A statistical software along with a structural equation model are implemented to investigate the relationship between demographic variables and emotional solidarity, benefits and costs, and tourism development support. In addition, further analyzing the impacts of emotional solidarity on benefits and costs, and benefits and costs on tourism development support are also provided. The comprehensive results show that the tribal residents in Maolin District do not recognize collective and personal and costs as important factors affecting their support for tourism development, but emotional solidarity is a critical element for costs and benefits. The community collective benefits and tribal emotional solidarity are main reasons for residents in Maolin District to support tourism development. Tourism impacts on environment of aboriginal tribe in Maolin District are considered positive over negative.