- 學位論文
違反新冠肺炎防疫規定個案裁罰結果及相關因素之探討-以高雄地區為例
An Investigation of Factors Relating to the Punishment Outcomes of Cases Violating COVID-19 Prevention Regulations: Examples of Kaohsiung Area
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摘要
背景：新冠肺炎期間政府實行防疫政策措施來要求民眾配合遵守。然而，部分民眾可能會因忽略防疫規定而遭受裁罰，甚至拒絕繳納防疫裁罰情況，針對違反防疫規定案件裁罰結果及相關因素進行研討將有其重要性。 目的：本研究主要目的為(1)探討個案基本特性和違反規範特性與裁罰金額之相關性。(2)探討個案基本特性和違反規範特性與移送強制執行之相關性。 方法：採回溯性橫斷式研究設計，資料來源取自高雄市政府衛生局罰鍰統計資料檔，而主要研究對象為2020年1月1日至2022年12月31日期間年齡≥20歲、曾於高雄地區違反新冠肺炎防疫規定且被裁罰的個案，最終樣本數納入482筆。研究變項包括年齡、性別、教育程度、國籍別、居住轄區、違反逕自外出類型(含居家檢疫、居家隔離)、違反一人一戶規定、違規間隔天數，以及裁罰金額與移送強制執行等，並採用廣義線性模式與羅吉斯迴歸模式進行分析。 結果：違反居家檢疫和居家隔離的個案分別占87.3%及12.7%，而平均裁罰金額分別為新台幣128,570.1元及221,885.3元，且有被移送強制執行占51%。在控制相關因素後，結果顯示居住轄區為非高雄市的個案被裁罰金額顯著較低於高雄市者(迴歸係數=-23,718, P= 0.02)；研究所以上教育程度的個案(迴歸係數=-33,197.6, P= 0.033)被裁罰金額顯著低於高中職者。此外，違反居家隔離規定者(迴歸係數= 85,206.8, P <0.001)被裁罰金額顯著較高於違反居家檢疫者；違反一人一戶規定者(迴歸係數= - 40,519.3, P <0.001)被裁罰金額顯著較低於非違反一人一戶規定之逕自外出者，而違規間隔天數較長者被裁罰金額會顯著較高(迴歸係數= 2,245.3, P= 0.029)。 另外，50–59.9歲(勝算比= 0.49, P= 0.034)和60歲以上者(勝算比= 0.2, P <0.001)被移送強制執行機率顯著較低於20‒29.9歲者、大學專科者(勝算比= 0.35, P <0.001)被移送強制執行機率顯著較低於高中職者，而違規間隔天數較長者被移送強制執行機率顯著較高(勝算比= 1.06, P= 0.014)。 結論：本研究結果發現居住轄區為高雄市、中低教育程度、違反居家隔離和非違反一人一戶規定之逕自外出者，以及違規間隔天數較長者被裁罰金額明顯較高。此外，年齡較輕、教育程度較低，以及違規間隔天數較長者被移送強制執行機率明顯較高。本研究建議衛生主管機關可針對裁罰金額較高與移送強制執行的案件制定傳染病防疫規定相關政策及管制措施。
並列摘要
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the government implemented epidemic prevention measures to require public compliance. However, some individuals may have faced penalties due to their disregard for the provisions of the Communicable Disease Control Act or the Special Act for Prevention, Relief, and Revitalization Measures for Severe Special Infectious Pneumonia. Some even refused to pay the fines for violating epidemic prevention measures. It is important to study the outcomes and related factors of cases involving violations of epidemic prevention regulations. Objective: The main objectives of this study are (1) to explore the correlation between individual characteristics, violation patterns, and the amount of fines imposed, and (2) to investigate the association between individual characteristics, violation patterns, and the likelihood of compulsory enforcement. Methods: The study employed a retrospective cross-sectional research design, using data from the Kaohsiung City Government Health Bureau's fine statistics file. The primary subjects of the study were individuals aged 20 years or older who violated COVID-19 epidemic prevention regulations in the Kaohsiung area and were fined between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022. The final sample size was 482 cases. Study variables included age, gender, education level, nationality, residential jurisdiction, types of violations (including home quarantine and home isolation), violation of the "one household, one person" rule, violation interval days, fine amount, and compulsory enforcement. Analytical methods used in the study were independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, generalized linear models, and logistic regression models. Results: Cases violating home quarantine and home isolation accounted for 87.3% and 12.7%, respectively, with average fines of NT$128,570.1 and NT$221,885.3. Approximately 51% of the cases were subject to compulsory enforcement. After controlling for relevant factors, the results indicated that cases originally residing outside Kaohsiung City received significantly lower fines compared to those residing in Kaohsiung City (coefficient [B]= -23,718, P=0.02). Cases with education levels above college received significantly lower fines than those with high school education (including vocational schools before junior college) (coefficient [B]= -33,197.6, P=0.033). Cases violating home isolation rules received significantly higher fines than those violating home quarantine (coefficient [B]= 85,206.8, P<0.001). Cases violating the "one household, one person" rule received significantly lower fines than those not violating this rule but still being outside (coefficient [B]= -40,519.3, P<0.001). Moreover, cases with longer violation intervals were significantly associated with higher fine amounts (coefficient B=2,245.3, P=0.029). Furthermore, the probability of compulsory enforcement was significantly lower for older age groups compared to younger ones (50–59.9 years: odds [OR]= 0.49, P=0.034; 60 years and above: OR= 0.2, P<0.001), and individuals with higher education levels had significantly lower odds of compulsory enforcement (college: OR= 0.35, P<0.001). Cases with longer violation intervals had significantly higher odds of compulsory enforcement (OR=1.06, P=0.014). Conclusion: The study found that cases residing in Kaohsiung City, those with lower education levels, violating home isolation, not violating the "one household, one person" rule but still being outside, and having longer violation intervals were associated with significantly higher fine amounts. On the other hand, younger age, lower education levels, and longer violation intervals were associated with significantly higher odds of compulsory enforcement. The study suggests that health authorities can formulate epidemic prevention policies and regulatory measures concerning cases with higher fine amounts and those subject to compulsory enforcement to enhance the enforcement of epidemic prevention measures.
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