探討性別平等對女性服兵役意願影響之研究-以東部某軍事單位為例

近年來，隨著中共戰機擾台及台海局勢緊張，加上國際新聞關注烏俄戰爭，台灣面臨潛在戰爭風險。2022 年 12 月 27 日，政府宣布自 2024 年起將義務役恢復為一年期，涉及 94 年次後役男，引發男女共同徵兵的討論。女性參軍牽涉教育、工作和家庭等問題。本研究的目的為：一、探討性別平等下女性服兵役的意願程度。二、職場自我價值與自我認同及女性家庭社會觀點對女性服兵役意願的影響，採用質性研究方法，針對東部某軍事單位志願役男女軍士官兵進行訪談。結果顯示，性別平等政策在一定程度上能夠提高女性服兵役的意願。薪資和福利、軍隊環境、個人經歷和社會支持也對女性服兵役意願有顯著影響，對於服兵役的意願並非一成不變，而是隨著時間和經歷而可能發生改變。個人價值觀、家庭背景和社會環境在其中扮演了重要角色。了解這些因素，並採取適當的政策措施，可以更好地支持和鼓勵女性參與軍事服務，從而實現更高程度的性別平等。多數受訪者支持性別平等政策，認為可提升女性自我價值和認同，但部分人擔心參軍影響家庭生活及職業發展。建議完善相關法律和政策，提供專門培訓和保護措施。此研究提供了女性服兵役的多面向影響分析，為未來政策制定和研究提供了參考。

關鍵字

服兵役；性別平等；女性平權

並列摘要

In recent years, with the increasing incursions of Chinese military aircraft around Taiwan and the rising tensions in the Taiwan Strait, coupled with international attention on the Russia-Ukraine war, Taiwan faces a potential risk of war. On December 27, 2022, the government announced that starting in 2024, mandatory military service will be reinstated to one year, affecting male conscripts born after 2005, sparking discussions about gender-inclusive conscription. The inclusion of women in military service involves issues related to education, work, and family. The purpose of this study is to: Investigate the willingness of women to serve in the military under gender equality. Explore the impact of workplace self-worth, self-identity, and women's perspectives on family and society on their willingness to serve. Using a qualitative research method, interviews were conducted with male and female volunteer soldiers and officers from a military unit in eastern Taiwan. The results show that gender equality policies can significantly increase women's willingness to serve in the military. Factors such as salary and benefits, military environment, personal experiences, and social support also have a significant impact on women's willingness to serve. The willingness to serve is not fixed but may change over time and with experiences. Personal values, family background, and social environment play important roles in this regard. Understanding these factors and implementing appropriate policy measures can better support and encourage women's participation in military service, thus achieving a higher degree of gender equality. Most respondents support gender equality policies, believing they can enhance women's self-worth and identity, though some are concerned about the impact of military service on family life and career development. It is recommended to improve relevant laws and policies, provide specialized training, and protection measures. This study provides a multifaceted analysis of the factors influencing women's military service and offers a reference for future policy-making and research.