台灣家庭教育支出世代分析相關研究

教育是百年樹人的大計，良好的教育可以提高國家的人力資源，良好的教育可以提升受教者未來的收入報酬與社會地位，良好的教育也是社會階層流動的因素之一，而一個社會是否重視教育，可由對教育的支出多寡看出端倪，因此本研究希望能探討不同世代教育支出的差異情形。本研究以2001年至2015年行政院主計處「家庭收支調查報告」對台灣家庭的教育支出進行世代分析，因使用家庭收支調查報告，會面臨部分家庭有教育零支出的問題，因此本研究運用Tobit模型與世代研究方法，對台灣家庭不同世代的教育支出進行世代分析，除了不同的世代之外，不同的家庭變數如家庭可支配所得多寡、戶長教育程度、家庭婚姻狀況、戶長性別、家庭人口組成、家庭規模、戶長職業，家庭已婚婦女是否就業等也都是影響家庭教育支出的因素。實證結果發現家庭可支配所得、戶長教育程度、家庭規模、家庭人口組成、婚姻狀況、戶長性別、已婚婦女就業等因素對家庭教育支出有顯著的影響，戶長職業為管理階層、專業人士與農業均對家庭教育支出有顯著的影響，在整體世代家庭方面，家庭教育支出受世代效應與時期效應影響，家庭教育支出呈現下滑，並不利於教育發展，值得教育政策相關單位在制訂教育相關政策時參考。

關鍵字

世代分析；家庭教育支出；世代效應；時期效應

並列摘要

Education is a big plan of centuries. A good education can improve the country’s human resources. A good education can increase the future income and social status of the recipients. A good education is also a factor in the mobility of social stratum. Whether or not education is emphasized by the society, the emphatic scale of education can be seen in the amount of expenditure on education. Therefore, this study hopes to explore the differences in education expenditures of different generations. In this study, from 2003 to 2015, the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan's “Family Balance Survey Report” conducted a generational analysis of the education expenditures of Taiwanese households. Due to the use of family income and expenditure survey reports, some households may face zero expenditure on education. The study uses the Tobit model and generational research methods to conduct a generational analysis of the educational expenditures of different generations of Taiwanese families. In addition to different generations, the study analyzed different family variables, such as the amount of family disposable income, the education level of the householder, the family’s marital status, the householder’s gender, family’s composition, the scales of the family, career of the householder, and career women are also factors that affect family education expenditure. The empirical results show that factors such as household disposable income,the education level of the householder, the scale of the family, family’s composition, householder’s marital status,the householder’s gender, career women, and other factors have a significant impact on family education expenditure. The occupations of householder are management, professional or agriculture which all have a significant impact on family education spending. In terms of overall family generation, family education expenditures are affected by generational and period effects. The phenomenon of declining on family education expenditures is not conducive to educational development. The educational organizations need to consult the phenomenon while making related educational policies.