汽車引擎異常的預警系統之研發

汽車工業近數十年來成長之快速改進之精良是眾人有目共賭，行車安全性及引擎性能均有相當程度的提升。由於引擎各部位之材料不斷研發提升品質，使得引擎體積縮小且更輕量化、熱效率也提升了，排放的廢氣也減少了、引擎使用壽命也延長了，但這些都是在引擎正常運轉使用條件情況下才能夠擁有的良好引擎特性。而一顆引擎最嚴重的致命傷害就是冷卻系統溫度過高或潤滑系統潤滑不良，在這樣的情況下無論是一兩年內的新車，或是行駛里程數已經累積一、二十萬公里之舊車，都可能會發生立即性的引擎故障而危及到行車安全。現今的汽車雖然已經十分成熟且具備許多智慧化功能,但是卻沒有任何一部車輛能在發生這樣嚴重之機械故障之前很明確的告知駕駛人，或立即將引擎做適當的停止運轉或降低轉速以防止這樣的情形發生，藉此降低機件之損壞及避免影響行車安全。本論文將研發出一套能事先預防冷卻系統溫度過高及潤滑系統失效之自我檢測系統，以確保引擎能順利運轉不會突然故障及影響行車安全。本研究在既有的冷卻系統及潤滑系統中加入壓力感測器，當冷卻系統內部壓力超過安全設定值，系統會立即發出警報聲響，警示燈隨即亮起警告駕駛人。潤滑系統中之壓力值若低於設定值，則代表潤滑系統的油量不足，引擎不適合繼續運轉，系統立即發出警報，駕駛人應盡快熄火補充機油以保護引擎機件及確保行車安全。本研究已在既有汽車引擎的冷卻系統及潤滑系統中加裝上本預警機制實驗，結果證實本研究所開發的自動檢測系統能夠適時的偵測到兩系統即將發生的異常現象，因此不但能事先預防引擎產生重大故障節省大筆維修費用，更重要是能讓行車安全更加有保障。

關鍵字

冷卻系統；潤滑系統；汽車引擎

並列摘要

For decades, the fast growth and the excellent improvement of the automobile industry is obvious to all, and both of the safety of driving and the functions of engine have been advanced to a certain degree. Because the materials of each part of an engine have been advanced, the volume of engine has been reduced and lightened、the fuel efficiency has been advanced、 exhaust gas has been decreased、and the engine can be used for a longer time. It is, however, when an engine works regularly that it can provide these qualities. The Achilles’ heel of an engine is the overheating of the cooling system and the imperfection of the lubricating system. Under this situation, either a brand new vehicle or an old one which has been driven for more than one hundred thousand kilometers would probably encounter the breakdown of engine that leads to the unsafely of driving. Certainly, the development of automobile has come to maturity, and many smart functions have been applied to the vehicles we use today. Even so, no vehicle can inform its driver definitely before any machinery out of order, or stop or slow down the engine appropriately to prevent any danger from occurring. This research develops a self-examining system that can prevent the cooling system from getting overheat and the lubricating system from out of order to ensure the engine runs well. This research installs a pressure sensor in the cooling system and the lubricating system. When the inner pressure exceeds the checksum，the cooling system will give the alarm immediately, and the warning light will on presently to caution the driver. When the pressure is below the checksum, the lubricating system will give the warning to remind the driver of the shortage of engine oil. The driver should stop the engine immediately to resample the engine oil. This research applies en early warning system in the cooling system and the lubricating system of an engine. The result of the experiment proves that this self-examining system can sense the abnormal situation at the right time. With this self-examining system, we can not only save a lot of maintenance fees, but also ensure the safety of driving.