- 學位論文
甲醇與甘油醚化反應生產新的柴油含氧添加劑
Etherification of Glycerol with Methanol to Produce a New Oxygenate Additive for Diesels
摘要
本實驗研究以酸性固態觸媒來進行甲醇與甘油醚化反應，在醚化反應後提供一種甘油轉化成有價值的柴油燃料含氧添加劑。利用不同的酸性觸媒，包括璜酸樹脂、zeolites、磺酸碳化觸媒，以生成甘油雙甲基醚(Glycerol Di-Methoxy Ethers, GDMEs)及甘油三甲基醚(Glycerol Tri-Methoxy Ethers, GTME)，此二成份之混何物可當作柴油的含氧添加劑。研究顯示，觸媒的性質主要是受到酸性和表面極性所影響。在測試的觸媒，磺酸碳化的觸媒（HS-R）達到一個合適的平均孔徑，酸能力和吸附能力，構成了HS-R。在一次實驗操作下，甲醇與甘油莫耳比為4:1，觸媒添加量為甘油的10wt%，反應溫度為230℃及反應時間為 24小時下，甘油轉化率（89％）和GDMEs和GTME相加之產率為46％。為了達到目標產品 GDMEs（20 wt％）和GTME（80 WT％）的混合物來作為新的柴油含氧添加劑（生質或石油），應提高觸媒製性質的備以及建立一個更高效能的綠色反應及分離程序。
並列摘要
The etherification of glycerol with methanol on solid acid catalysts provides a way to transform glycerol into a value added product to be used as an oxygenated additive to diesel fuels. Different types of acidic heterogeneous catalysts, including sulfonic resins, zeolites and sulfonated carbon catalyst are used for the synthesis of mono-, di- and tri- ethers of glycerol using methanol as the alcohol. The study shows that the performances of the catalysts are governed by both the acidity and the polarity of their surface. Among the testing catalysts, the sulfonated carbon catalyst (H-SR) attains a suitable average pore size, acid capacity, and adsorption capability of glycerol due to polarity of the surface forms the H-SR catalyst. With a 4:1 molar ratio of methanol to glycerol, a 1:10 weight ratio of catalysts to glycerol, a reaction temperature of 503 K at the reaction time of 24 hours, the conversion of glycerol (89%) and a combined yield of GDMEs and GTME of 46% are achieved for a batch operation. To achieve the target product of GDMEs and GTME mixture as a new oxygenate additive for diesels, one should improve the capability of the prepared catalyst as well as develop a more efficient green process and separation.