以視覺認知探討圖像象徵與應用之研究-以閃電、心形、星星圖像為例

以「視知覺」（visual-perception）方面的理論與議題，探索人們在生活環境中，時時刻刻均與視知覺有著密不可分的關係，包括辨識物體和各種知覺訊息，如：人、事物、圖案、聲音等。本研究主旨是以圖像在視覺辨識下，人們對與圖像象徵意義、幾何圖形構成，在生活環境中，看到在某種事物中再看到另一種事物，這樣的視覺效果更是有趣。本研究是以「閃電」、「星星」、「心形」圖像，由「視知覺」探討這三種圖像的象徵意義、型態構成的辨識度做研究分析、運用圖像設計探討出logo、包裝、T恤的設計要素。透過文獻分析法、KJ法、比較分析法、問卷調查等方法，進行國內本土logo、包裝、T恤的設計要素探討及分析。本研究分為下列四段進行研究，第一階段：將蒐集的圖像資料加以分類，分析出圖像的象徵意義及應用設計的象徵運用。在圖像資料分類出人為(設計類) 包括設計類、商標、海報、飾品、產品…等；自然界包括花朵、樹葉、樹枝、雲…等，透過不同角度看大自然，會發現有些物體所形成的形狀，會像是某種圖像。從蒐集的圖像做比例分析及後續的辨識度的分析，將進行圖像變形呈現及辨識度，將圖像做一個簡單的形狀演變的過程，可容易辨識出圖像的完整性，圖像變形呈現及辨識度分為以各自圖像做結果分析。第二階段：蒐集心形的包裝樣本，分類出色彩、包裝造型、心形圖像造型加以分析，象徵心形代表的是關懷、愛情、親情的愛。本研究是以心形圖像轉為立體造形包裝與心形圖像意象用於包裝設計禮盒意涵，是為本研究探討之一。透過文獻資料的整理與分析，歸納出心形包裝的型態構成要素與設計重點，以作為研究之理論基礎。第三階段：蒐集閃電圖像logo的樣本，分類出每一個logo的象徵、造型特色，加以分析，本研究是以蒐集來的閃電圖像的logo分析出造形的設計與象徵意義，從閃電圖像有關的商業logo相比較分析出造形設計的應用，本研究因此定義出6類閃電圖像logo加以分析。第四階段：蒐集星星造型的T恤樣本，分類出T恤的造型特色，加以分析，星星圖像代表的是希望、閃耀、明星、光芒、媽媽的眼睛等。本研究是以希望、閃耀、明星象徵，將星星圖像應用在潮牌T恤的造形設計的應用，本研究因此定義出11類星星圖像T恤加以分析。最後色彩尺度現況分析，閃電圖像，應用十字分析法，將閃電商標以色彩分區，敘述色彩的運用是很重要的設計要素之一，色彩的運用更具有其代表性的內容何意義，商標色彩搭配相當重要的是注意色調的統一與協調，才不會失去企業識別商標設計之最終意義。心形圖像，應用十字分析法，本研究發現喜餅包裝與喜糖包裝色彩以暖色於寒色的效果，善用於粉紅色、紅色等，有助於增加浪漫、喜慶祝賀的氣氛；近年來，喜糖禮盒突破大紅色彩，加入金、銀、紫、藍、綠、白等色彩，以及色彩賓分之顏色讓禮盒看起來涼爽活潑，使商品色彩形象更多選擇。

關鍵字

閃電圖像；星星圖像；心形圖像；圖像比例；圖像辨識

並列摘要

Theories and issues concerning “visual perception” have been developed and discussed herein to explore the related object recognition and perceptual messages in daily environments. Based on this concept, this study aims to explore the symbolic meanings and geometric structures of patterns and images. When visual effects comprise elements regarded as difficult to recognize, they become even more interesting. Based on visual perception, this study analyzed the symbolic meanings and recognizability of lightning, star, and heart patterns. Pattern design was also employed to elucidate the elements applied in the designs of logos, packing and T-shirts in Taiwan’s domestic market. Literature analysis, KJ Method, comparative analysis, and questionnaires were adopted for the relevant researches and analyses. Four stages of research were conducted: In the first stage, data were categorized on patterns and images either as manmade or natural; the former includes designs, trademarks, posters, accessories, and products, while the latter includes flowers, leaves, branches, clouds, etc. Viewed from a different perspective, the shape of an object varies and thus sometimes looks like the shape of something else; therefore, analyses of the structural proportion and recognizability of the patterns of lighting, star and heart were carried out to understand the overall process by which these patterns may become transformed into other patterns, although their original forms can still be easily recognized. In the second stage, colors, designs and styles of heart-shaped packing are analyzed. The symbolic meanings of heart-shaped patterns used in 3-D packing are explored. The elements and designs of heart-shaped packing are organized via literature analysis, and taken as the research focus. Then, based on the samples of the lightning logo, the symbolic meanings and design traits are explicated. Furthermore, the business logos related to this pattern, and their application in relevant designs, are analyzed and categorized into 6 types of lightning patterns. In the fourth stage, based on the T-shirt samples with star-shaped patterns, the features of this type of pattern are listed. The application of star patterns, considered symbolic of hope, brightness, and ‘superstars’, to the design of trendy T-shirts is also analyzed; 11 types of star patterns are categorized. Based on color scale analysis, the colors of the patterns of lightning are differentiated via a coordinate system. The use of colors reflects their implied meanings, so color arrangement highly emphasizes the unity and harmony of tinctures to ensure realization of the objectives of the trademark design. Through an analysis of a coordinate system employed to differentiate the colors used in heart-shaped patterns, it is found that the packing of wedding cakes and candies is mostly designed in pink or red, in order to exude a romantic and celebrative feeling.