中老年人性需求及其相關因素之初探

背景：性是人類的基本生理需求。1954年馬斯洛提出需求層次理論(Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory)，其最基本層次就是生理需求，是人類維持自身生存的最基本要求。然而，老年人因環境、生理、心理因素的影響，在性需求、性問題上有所改變而被忽略。盡管臺灣在2018年已進入高齡社會，卻很少對中老年人從事性需求與性問題的研究。目的：探討中老年人性需求及其相關因素。方法：本研究採橫斷面調查，選定台灣中部地區樂齡中心、55歲以上中老年人為受試對象。問卷以義大利學者Umidi, Pini, Ferretti, Vergani, & Annoni (2007)及鄭金源(2017)性需求及性問題問卷編修而成。共發放450份問卷，有效回收392份(87.11%)。採SPSS 25.0進行t檢定、ANOVA、卡方及二元羅吉斯迴歸。結果：研究對象以女性佔61.5%最多。疾病種類以高血壓146人(佔39.7%)最多，有兩種以上疾病者佔34.2%。50.5%沒有性需求，且年齡愈大、性需求愈低，女性性需求低於男性，主要理由是缺乏伴侶16.3%。有性需求的中老年人，最想要用的身體接觸為性交佔42.5%，其中有78.2%得到滿足。沒有想要找伴侶或沒有得到滿足者的憂鬱狀況顯著高於有想要找伴侶或得到滿足者。照護人員(或醫護人員或親近的人)不會關心有關性需求方面的事佔87.2%。中老年人的性別、婚姻狀況及自覺健康狀況對性需求有顯著預測力。結論：本研究將近五成沒有性需求，年齡愈大、性需求愈低，缺乏伴侶及沒性趣是主要理由。建議家屬應以正面角度來看待長輩的性需求及性問題，鼓勵中老年人增加社交活動、鍛鍊並維持身體健康，將有助於提高幸福感。

關鍵字

中老年人；性需求；樂齡中心

並列摘要

Background: Sexuality is the basic physiological needs of human beings. In 1954, Maslow proposed the hierarchy of needs theory, which most basic level is the physiological needs that is the human survival of the most basic requirements. However, due to environmental, physiological, psychological factors, the sexual needs and sexual problems among elderly have been neglected. Although Taiwan has entered an aged society in 2018, little research has been carried out on the sexual needs and sexuality of the elderly. Purpose: To explore sexuality needs and its related factors among the elderly. Methods: This study adopted cross-sectional design and selected the subjects who were over 55-year-old people in central Taiwan. The questionnaire was compiled by Italian scholars, Umidi, Pini, Ferretti, Vergani, and Annoni (2007) and Zheng (2017) on sexual needs and sexual issues. 450 questionnaires were distributed and 392 (87.11%) were effectively collected. All data analyses were conducted using SPSS version 22.0 with chi-square, student t test, ANOVA, Chi square and binary logistic regression. Results: The majority of samples were female 61.5%. The most of types of disease were hypertension with 146 (39.7%). Samples with more than two diseases were 34.2%. 50.5% have no sexual needs. The older you get, the lower your sexual needs. Female sexual needs are lower than male's, mainly due to lack of partners with 16.3%. 42.5% of middle-aged and elderly people who had sexual needs preferred sexual intercourse. Among them, 78.2% got satisfaction. Those who do not want to have partner or do not get satisfaction have more depression than those who want to have partner or get satisfaction. 87.2% of caregivers (or health care workers or close people) do not care about sexual needs of middle-aged and elderly people. Gender, marital status, and perceived health status have significant predicator of sexual needs among the elderly. Conclusions: Nearly 50% of this study had no sexual needs. The older the age, the lower the sexual need. The main reasons result from lack of companionship and lack of sexual interest. It is recommended that family members shall positively face sexual needs and sexual problem of elderly, and encourage older adults to increase social activity which will help to improve their well-being.