居家照顧服務員工作壓力、工作滿意度與離職傾向之研究—以南投市為例

台灣已邁入高齡化社會，2018年人口資料統計顯示，全台65歲以上的老年人口有三百五十萬人，佔總人口數的14.56 %。隨著社會人口老化，需要長期照顧服務的人口也同步增加，勞動部統計資料顯示，2018年照顧服務員結訓後三個月就業率為71.7 %，但其後離職率及流動率仍居高不下。本研究目的為探討照顧服務員工作壓力、工作滿意度及離職傾向，瞭解其相關因素。研究方法:本研究為橫斷性研究、採立意取樣以結構式問卷調查法，針對立案於南投市內16間居家長照機構之工作滿三個月以上的照顧服務員進行研究，共發放245份問卷，回收220份，回收率89%。統計資料分析採SPSS 25.0軟體進行描述性與推論性統計分析。研究結果發現南投市居家照護工作以45-59歲的女性121人(佔55.0%)為主，教育程度為高中職103人(佔46.81%)、薪資在三至四萬之間120人(佔54.54%)；居家照顧服務員的不同背景變項於工作壓力、工作滿意度、與離職傾向皆出現顯著差異；皮爾森積差結果顯示工作壓力與工作滿意度呈現顯著負相關(r=-.498,p<.01)，工作壓力與離職傾向呈現顯著正相關(r=.293,p<.01)，工作滿意度與離職傾向呈顯著負相關(r=-.613,p<.01)。討論與結論:居家照護工作複雜性高、心理負擔壓力大，建議相關單位重視並改善其勞動條件，提升工作滿意度，使居家照顧服務員留在職場。

關鍵字

居家照顧服務員；工作壓力；工作滿意度；離職傾向

並列摘要

Taiwan has entered an aging society, In 2018, demographic statistics show that there are 3.5 million elderly people over 65 years old in Taiwan, accounting for 14.56% of the total population. As the population of the society ages, the number of people who need long-term care services also increases. According to statistics from the Ministry of Labor, the employment rate of Nursing Aides in the three months after training in 2018 was 71.7%, but the turnover rate remained high thereafter. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship among work stress, work satisfaction, and turnover intention of Nursing Aides. Research methods: This study is a cross-sectional study, using purpose sampling and structured questionnaire survey. A total of 245 questionnaires were distributed, and 220 were returned, with a response rate of 89%. The study was carried out a study on the Nursing Aides who have worked in the 16 long-term care institution in Nantou City for more than three months. The researchers use SPSS 25.0 software for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Results: Of the valid samples, the number of females was the biggest with 212 people accounting for 55.0%. The major age range is 45-59 years old. The majority of education background was above senior high school. It totaled 103 people and accounted for 46.81%. The salary for 120 people ranged from NT$30,000 to NT$40,000, and the rate was 54.54%. There are significant differences in work stress, work satisfaction, and turnover intention among the different background variables of nursing aides. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient shows that work stress and work satisfaction are significantly negatively correlated (r=-.498, p<.01). There is an insignificant positive correlation between work stress and turnover intention (r = .293, p <.01), Work Satisfaction and turnover intention are significantly negatively correlated (r=-.613, p<.01). Discussion and conclusion: Home service is complicated and stressful. It is recommended that relevant units pay attention to and improve their working conditions, Increase job satisfaction and keep nursing aids in the workplace.