感溫變色材料的實驗與設計運用

感溫變色材料 (Thermochromism) 是指材料物質受熱或冷卻，當溫度達到某一特定的範圍時，材料的顏色會變透明，而當溫度恢復到初溫後，顏色也會隨之復原的智慧型可逆性材料。在1952年發現這類化合物後，經過近幾十年的研究與發展，人們已開發出了無機、有機、液晶、聚合物、生物大分子以及微膠囊粉等，各類具有這種特性的材料。其運用範圍也從最初的室溫材料，拓展到現在日常生活的各個領域，在設計運用上，可達到防偽目的、可如刮刮樂般猜謎的效果、又有色彩變化、形狀變化及觸感變化等設計創意應用的要素，是設計者值得開發設計的選項之一。但是一般感溫變色材料在設計運用上，多以黑色或咖啡色為主，因為其它顏色的套印覆蓋效果如何？不易掌控、難以設計運用。本研究以實驗法，將感溫變色材料15種顏色，經選色比對用CMYK標色，先以平版印刷印製，上覆OPP霧膜，再將感溫變色材料15種顏色，分別以網版印刷套印；即產生225種疊印效果。再將實驗樣本1.未套印感溫變色材料的平版印刷樣本2.已套印感溫變色材料低於31˚C未變色前的樣本3.已套印感溫變色材料高於31˚C產生變色後的樣本，同時呈現比對產生演色表(color chart)的作用效果。從樣本中可舉例的運用設計：1.同色系套印可覆蓋的效果。2.不同色系套印產生變色的效果。3.利用兩互補色產生黑色隱藏於黑底的效果。本文旨在探討感溫變色材料的套印實驗效果，可供設計者在創意設計上參考運用。

關鍵字

感溫變色；補色；平版印刷；網版印刷

並列摘要

Thermochromic materials reference to intelligent materials that change from colored to transparent when the temperature reaches a specific range during the course of heating or cooling; when the temperature is restored to the initial temperature, the original color will be restored. Following several decades of research and development work in the wake of the discovery of this type of compound in 1952, researchers have developed organic, inorganic, liquid crystal, polymer, bio-macromolecular, and microencapsulated powder thermochromic materials. In addition the application range of these materials has been extended from the initial room temperature materials to materials that can be used in every aspect of everyday life. Design applications include counterfeit prevention, guessing game functions like on lottery tickets, color changes, shape changes, and texture changes. As a result, thermochromic materials are considered by designers to be an option very worthy of development. However, with regard to the use of ordinary thermochromic materials, since most of these materials are black or brown color, how can overprinting effects be achieved? Unfortunately, these effects are difficult to achieve and use in designs. This study used experimental methods to apply an OPP mist finish via lithographic printing to thermochromic materials in 15 colors after color selection using CMYK standard colors. The thermochromic materials in 15 colors were then overprinted employing screen printing, yielding 225 double printing effects. The experimental samples consisted of (1) non-overprinted lithographic printed thermochromic material samples, (2) overprinted thermochromic material samples that had not changed color at temperatures under 31°C, and (3) overprinted thermochromic material samples that changed color at temperatures over 31°C. The effects achieved by the thermochromic material samples were compared using a color chart. The samples provide examples of applied designs: 1. overprinted coverable effects in the same color system. 2. Color variations produced by overprinted in different color systems. 3. Use of two complementary colors to produce black hidden in a black background. This paper seeks to investigate experimental overprinted effects involving thermochromic materials, and can provide designers with ideas concerning the use of innovative designs.