論人工生殖法(草案)-以代理孕母之權益與保障為中心

本文認為藉由代理孕母的幫助，可以使原本配偶無法懷孕之夫妻，懷孕生育子女，達成他們長久以來對於生兒育女，延續彼此生命傳承，經營美滿家庭生活的熱切期盼，因此，代理孕母應有其存在之價值。代理孕母的爭議大多為傳統觀念與現今社會觀念產生的碰撞，以及女性的「子宮」是否被工具化？女性之社會地位是否被矮化？等等，皆為我國多年以來備受爭論的議題，備受社會各界的熱烈辯論，衛生署等政府單位也曾多次召開公民會議，曾「達成有條件的開放代理孕母合法化之共識」，並委託專家學者進行草擬「代孕生殖法」草案，後歷經多次修正草案內容，由當時24名立法委員提出「人工生殖法」部分條文修正草案進入立法程序，迄今，雖於2020年5月通過立法院一讀程序，但目前仍未完成立法。本文試著從各國關於代理孕母之立法沿革、制度作為研究之出發點，並觀察各國代理孕母之實際案例，對於代理孕母在我國應屬可採且合法的可能進行論述，以及其對於我國社會所可能造成的影響，並提出相關立法構想，期為代理孕母在我國合法化開放，提出較為可行之意見。

關鍵字

人工生殖法；代理孕母；契約自由；公序良俗；親屬關係

並列摘要

This article argues that with the help of surrogate mothers and couples who cannot conceive naturally can achieve their long-held desire to have children, continue their family lineage, and build a happy family life. Therefore, surrogate mothers have their own value and should be recognized. The controversy surrounding surrogate mothers is mainly due to the clash between traditional and modern social values, as well as concerns over whether the female "uterus" is being objectified and whether women's social status is being diminished. This has been a highly debated issue in Taiwan for many years, and various government agencies, such as the Department of Health, have held multiple citizen conferences to reach a consensus on the conditional legalization of surrogacy. They also commissioned experts and scholars to draft the "Surrogacy and Reproduction Act," which has undergone multiple revisions. The legislative process began when a group of 24 legislators proposed a revision to the "Assisted Reproduction Act" in 2020, which passed its first reading in May of that year, but has yet to be fully legislated. This article aims to explore the legislative history and institutional practices of surrogate mothers in various countries, as well as to examine actual cases of surrogate mothers, in order to discuss the possibility of legalizing and regulating surrogate mothers in Taiwan. It also considers the potential impact on Taiwanese society and proposes legislative ideas to provide feasible opinions for the legalization and opening up of surrogate mothers in Taiwan.