從十架約翰《心靈的黑夜》論其靈性改革精神

《心靈的黑夜》不僅僅是十架約翰的靈修指導書；事實上，它也是十六世紀天主教內部的一股改革聲音。它展現出改革信仰群體的精神、高度，與深度。十架約翰認為，靈性鍛造的核心之處，會是生命歷經黑暗密佈、恍若遭上帝離棄。痛苦不堪之時，「信心」才真正鍛造出來。如此，「理智」、「意志」和「記憶」獲得煉淨及統整，以致徹底革新靈性。這般「被動的夜」，是奧秘的靈性經驗，難以敘明，也難以相互通傳。不過，得以確知的是：「上帝的主動恩典」、「基督中心與十架神學」、「人的唯靠信心」、以及「以聖經為本」的靈性經驗，是期望革新靈性的人務求站穩的根基。可知，十架約翰的改革精神與新教的宗教改革運動的五個唯獨精神「唯獨信心」、「唯獨恩典」、「唯獨基督」、「唯獨聖經」、「唯獨上帝榮耀」相互輝映。此外，略微比較十架約翰與馬丁路德，更會發現他們兩人在「工作樣貌」、「生成背景」、「神學眼光」、「思想與論述方法」極為相似。他們都經過基督教神秘主義的薰陶與培育，以致他們都點出信仰基督者需要靈性革新，以及革新的方向。

關鍵字

心靈的黑夜；基督教神秘主義；宗教改革；十架約翰；馬丁路德

並列摘要

The Dark Night of the Soul is not just a devotional guidebook of John of the Cross; in fact, it is also a voice of reformation within 16th century Catholicism. It reveals the spirit, the height, and the depth of the reformed Christian faith community John of the Cross argues that the heart of spiritual formation will be the life experience of the darkness—the abandonment of God. It is when the pain is unbearable that "faith" is truly forged. In this way, "reason," "will," and "memory" are purified and unified, leading to a complete renewal of spirituality. The passive night is a mysterious spiritual experience that is difficult to describe and to communicate to each other. However, what is certain is that “God's grace,” “Christocentric,” “Theology of the Cross,” “By Faith Alone,” and “Bible-based” spiritual experience are the foundations on which those who wish to renew their spirituality seek to stand firm. It can be seen that the reformation spirit of John of the Cross mirrors the Protestant Reformation's Five Solas of "Sola Fide," "Sola Gratia," "Sola Christo," "Sola Scriptura," and "Soli Deo Gloria”. In addition, a comparison between John of the Cross and Martin Luther reveals that they are very similar in their "work style," "background," "theological vision," and "method of thought and exposition. This is because they were both nurtured by Christian Mysticism Tradition, so that they both point to the need for spiritual reformation and the direction of that for those who believe in Christ.