翻譯與政治：論臺灣翻譯文學史

臺灣島上的翻譯文學史源遠流長，翻譯文學史的書寫則是晚近的事。臺灣島從荷據、明鄭、清領、日治到中華民國，歷經五次政權轉換，語言使用伴隨著政權遞嬗，翻譯在其間折衝樽俎，記載著統治者與被統治者的互動。本文勾勒臺灣島上近四百年的翻譯文學史，自荷據新港文書始，迄2014 年止，這近四百年的翻譯文學史，譯者包括荷蘭人、日本人、中國人、臺灣人，譯語包括新港文、日文、臺灣話文、文言中文、白話中文，譯作包括宗教文學、原住民口傳文學、臺語口傳文學、日本文學、中國文學、西方文學。從誰來譯、用什麼語言譯、譯什麼，其遞嬗皆與臺灣島上的政權轉換息息相關。本文旨在點出翻譯文學與政治之間的關係，並耙梳六十載的臺灣翻譯文學史研究成果與史實互相參照，藉以提出潛在的研究視角和研究領域。

關鍵字

臺灣翻譯史；史學史；翻譯書目；翻譯文學；臺灣史

並列摘要

The history of literary translation in Taiwan is long, but the history of writing it is short. From Dutch occupation to military rule of the Cheng Regime, imperial rule of Ch’ing China, colonial rule of Japan and the Republic of China, the island underwent five political upheavals, and its official languages were changed with each. Communication between rulers and subjects were bridged with the help of translations and their interaction was recorded in the translated works. This study describes the approximate 400 years of literary translation in Taiwan from Dutch occupation through 2014, during which Dutch, Japanese, Chinese and Taiwanese translators rendered religious literature, aboriginal oral literature, Taiwanese folk literature, as well as Japanese, Chinese and western literatures in Sinckan language, Japanese, Taiwanese vernacular, Classical Chinese and Vernacular Chinese. For almost 400 years, political changes play a major role in deciding who translates what in what languages. This paper juxtapose this history and the 60-year historiography of literary translation in Taiwan, suggests potential research perspectives and fields, and points out the relation between politics and literary translation.