老化與水分及電解質調控異常

Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis in the Elderly

陳宏賓(Hung-Ping Chen) ； 林柏松(Paik-Seong Lim)

《腎臟與透析》 28卷3期 (2016/09) Pp. 111-114

https://doi.org/10.6340/KD.2016.28(3).02

摘要

老化的腎臟面對某些飲食、水分攝取、藥物或疾病狀態時，較無法適時矯正這些混亂。老化的腎臟對於鈉離子攝取量快速增加或減少時的反應較年輕人遲鈍。老化的腎臟濃縮及稀釋尿液的能力也是較差的，因此導致老人更容易發生血鈉的異常。低血鉀是老年人口中最常見的鉀離子異常。老化的腎臟對於急性的酸鹼變化的矯正能力也較年輕人差。而老年人血清中的鈣、磷、鎂與副甲狀腺荷爾蒙通常都能維持在正常範圍。

關鍵字

老化 ； 電解質異常 ； 低血鈉 ； 低血鉀 ； 利尿劑

並列摘要

The aging kidney demonstrates impaired ability to respond to perturbations of fluid and electrolyte balance, and therefore a number of these complications are frequently encountered in the presence of intercurrent illness. The renal responses to dietary sodium deprivation and sodium load in the elderly are blunted. Renal concentrating and diluting abilities are also impaired in the aging kidney. Defective sodium and water homeostatic mechanisms render this population markedly susceptible to perturbations. Hypokalemia is the most prominent potassium abnormality in the elderly population. The response to alkali or ammonium loading may also be delayed in elderly subjects. Serum levels of total calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and parathyroid hormone generally remain within the normal range in the elderly.

並列關鍵字

aging ； electrolyte disorder ； hyponatremia ； hypokalemia ； diuretic