並列摘要
Metabolic alkalosis is a type of electrolyte abnormalities together with changes in acid-base parameters in the blood, usually characterized by elevated plasma concentrations of HCO _3^- and pH. Most patients with metabolic alkalosis lack NaCl, KCl, or HCl. The lack of NaCl is mainly due to reduced extracellular fluid volume, leading to the increase of HCO _3^- concentration. The lack of HCl or KCl produces metabolic alkalosis by adding new HCO _3^-. The most common causes of metabolic alkalosis are chronic vomiting (initially lacking HCl and conversion to KCl over time) and the use of diuretics (lacking NaCl and KCl). Because of their different causes, correct diagnosis based on clinical presentations and laboratory studies can lead to effective treatment.