Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the common complications of systemic lupus erythematosus. Although there has been extensive research conducted evaluating the pathophysiology of LN, treatment strategies remain few and the proportion of patients with LN progressing to kidney failure remains high. Furthermore, mortality and progression to end-stage renal disease rates are even significantly higher in patients with LN compared to those without, especially for treatment non-responders. Therefore, prompt and proper treatment for these patients is critical.