Most chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have complication of anemia, and it is associated with a reduced quality of life, a worse renal survival, an increase in morbidity and mortality. Mechanisms of anemia include hypoxia inducible factor system, iron metabolism, erythropoietin (EPO) level, chronic inflammation, etc. Various treatment strategies are stablished to correct anemia and to improve outcome. This review article focuses on mechanism of anemia of CKD and treatment options we can use.