並列摘要
The etiology of halitosis is localized to the oral cavity in 47 to 90 percent of cases. Non-oral or systemic causes are responsible for the remaining cases. Halitosis may reflect not only the local conditions of oral cavity but also a serious underlying systemic illness that requires diagnosis and treatment. When confronting these problems, dentists should evaluate not only the local oral pathological conditions but also the overall systemic conditions in order to give patients a more accurate diagnosis and suitable treatment planning. This article will review the possible etiology, diagnostic procedures, treatment principles of halitosis and its role in relation to periodontal diseases.