摘要
唐代發行貨幣，鑄量較大的有三種，一是開元通寶，一是安史亂時鑄造的乾元重寶，另一種則是背字的開元通寶型態，俗稱會昌閉元，因為鑄於武宗會昌年間（841-846）之故。其中會昌開元錢背文至今已發現二十三種，分別是京、昌、洛、荊、襄、鄂、潭、益、梓、興、潤、宣、丹、廣、挂、福、永、平、藍、兗、越、梁、洪，是晚唐、五代主要使用的貨幣。這些背文－京、昌（淮南節度使以會昌年號背文）、荊、裹、鄂、潭、益、梓、興、潤、宣、福、兗、越、梁、洪代表各藩鎮；洛、丹、永、平代表鑄錢監；廣、桂可能是廣州、桂州（嶺南節度使和桂管），也可能是錢監（廣陵監、挂陽監）；藍則至今不詳，宋人意為藍田縣。這些錢文反映出當時各藩鎮應付貨幣緊縮，而在中央許可下自行鑄錢的狀態。但從實物的出土，有一種乾元重寶背文「洪」字錢，它是不是代表會昌開元背紀藩鎮的型態，在安史亂時肅宗乾元年間(758~759)鑄造的乾元重寶中就已經發生？這種肯洪錢，又是在什麼樣的背景下出現的？本文希望藉由乾元重寶背洪錢，來分析當時鑄造的背景。
並列摘要
There were three major currency of Tang Dynasty: Kai-yuan-tung-pao, Chien-yuan-tung-pao, and Kai-yuan-tung-pao with carved words on backs which was nick-named ”Hui-chang Kai-yuan” for it was published dury the period of Tang Wu Emperor's Hui-chang years (841-846). Since then, there are twenty three kinds of words carved on Hui-chang currency, forming a special layout of copper-money. It was the main currency in Tang and Wu-dai period. Among the twenty-three carvings, ”Ching”（京）、”Chang””（昌）、”Ch'ing” （荊）、”Hsiang”（襄）、”Er”（鄂）、”Tan”（潭）、”Yi”（益）、”Zsu”（梓）、”Hsing””(興）、”Jun”（潤）、”Hsuan”（宣）、”Fu”（福）、”Yueh”（兗）、 ”Yueh” （越）、”Liang”（梁）、 ”Hung”（洪） represented as each Fen-chen, ”Lo” （洛）、”Tan”（丹）、”Yun”（永）、”Pin” （平） meant the currency carving bureau, and ”Kuan”（廣）、'”Kuei”（桂）might be named after Kuan Chou and Kuei Chou or two currency bureau Kuan-lin（廣陵）and Kei-yang（桂陽）. As to the ”Lan” （藍） still remains unknown, however people in Sung said it meant Lan-tien. All these currency were a result that local government made coins under the allowance of the central government to deal with currency shrink. Nevertheless, What is the reason of the appearance of Chien-yuan chung-pao back-carving ” ”Hung” currency? Did it mean that early in the period of An-Shih rebellion (758-759) local government began to make coins by law? This article try to clear the background of its situation.