The upper mediastinum which conatins large bloods vessels, trachea, and esophagus is common in clinical medical images. It is difficult for medical students, radiological technicians, and other people who work in hospital to realize the signs of this region from medical images. This article analyzes the basic dissection trend of these trunks, and also discusses the layout of the esophagus and the trachea. Finally, we utilize the self-both hands simulation to establish three-dimensional layout of these blood vessels. According to these conceptions, we can figure out the structure signs basically from the axial pictures, sagittal planes, or coronal sections.