- 期刊
三民區聚落商街空間發展與鄉土環境問題調查研究
Spatial Development of Commercial Streets and Environmental Problems of Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City
摘要
本研究透過地圖分析與田野調查，首先探究三民區聚落商街的空間發展過程與蛻變機制，其次完整呈現本區現存的鄉土環境問題，並提出都市再發展的具體方向與規劃策略。 本區聚落商街空間擴張的基本模式是：先由線形發展為丁字型呈點狀聚集，然後因工商業繁盛，吸引更多住戶，隨著商店街、住宅區擴建再發展成為格子狀，而分集成若干較重要的團塊聚落。再藉由便捷的道路系統與棋盤狀街廓規劃，將區域鑲嵌成一個完整的商街馬賽克景觀。研究顯示交通易達性與距離仍是決定聚落區位的關鍵因素。聚落發展的初期動力為稻作農業，農業生產穩定後，座頭形成，進而發展出傳統市集與初步商店街。光復後在耕者有其田、三七五減租政策下，農地逐漸釋出，大量農業資本挹住工業發展。高雄又在絕佳區位條件與政府都市計畫主導下，伴隨著都市化，大量外來人口湧入，使聚落範圍一再擴大，農田縮小、消失，棋盤式街廓遂完全淹沒了舊有聚落結構，呈現影印化、一致性的都市地景。主要道路交會口可見純粹商業區分佈，住商混合型大樓和大型集合式住宅，正逐漸發展成本區聚落商街發展的主流。北郊覆鼎金與本館原聚落中心外圍區仍可見新舊型社區式透天別墅群分布。在老地名日趨模糊，地方感日漸消失的今天，調查顯示本區呈現許多嚴重的環境負面問題。解決之道是先從根本面出發，以最嚴格的環境管理政策與公權力來禁絕所有違法、污染與破壞市容行為，其次都市更新與規劃也是都市風格重整的重要手段，積極鼓勵民間參與企業策略式環境規劃也刻不容緩。而最艱巨但也最重要的工作，莫過於形塑由下而上的鄉土社區共同意識，這就是本文所稱之鄉土重建工作。此一工作可從眾多個人間的社會連結出發，以人與人之間的邂逅作為擬定鄉土重建的精神。若鄉土意識凝聚成功，將可有效提昇公民社會的意境，則鄉土重建有厚望焉。
並列摘要
Through analysis of maps and field surveys, this study first investigated the process of spatial development and transformation of commercial streets in Sanmin district, and then presented the hometown environmental problems of this area. The present study also proposed direction and planning strategy for urban redevelopment. The spatial sprawl of commercial streets in Sanmin district has followed a basic model. In the beginning, linear commercial streets were the proto-type and then T-shape streets became dominant. Large groups of population were then drawn to reside in the area and thus cellular aggregation of commercial streets and residential zones became possible. Clustered settlements of significance were then shaped. Transportation system and urban planning played a major role in shaping areas landscape. As a primary force, rice crop made settlement development possible. Only when agricultural production became stabilized, could a village be formed and further developed into a traditional bazaar and crude commercial streets. In post-1945, national policies, such as land reforms and the transfer of agricultural capital into industry contributed to urban development. Besides, location, urban planning, and urbanization made it possible for Kaohsiung to develop into a diverse urban landscape. Today, people become unfamiliar with traditional place names and the sense of place fads away. Serious environmental problems have also been weakening the sense of community. The formulation and implementation of environmental management policy, such as policy for prevention of unlawful, polluting and vandalistic deeds, can be critical. Urban renovation is another important measure for the overhaul of urban problems. However, nothing is more difficult and essential than forming a sense of community from bottom up. The reconstruction of hometown can be fundamental for building the sense of community in the area. Social linkage and social encountering are important to the sense of community that is critical to the building of a civil society.