A 74-year-old female patient suffered from painless gross hematuria on and off for 2 years. She underwent left nephrectomy for infected non-functional kidney 10 years before, and the report of pathology revealed pyelonephritis. Retrograde ureterography was consistent with a fill-ing defect in the left ureteral stump. Computerized tomography showed a tumor lesion in the left ureteral lumen. At exploration, a papillary growth was found in the left ureteral stump. Ureterectomy for the residual ureteral stump with removal of bladder cuff was performed. Pathological examination of the specimen demonstrated grade II papillary transitional cell carcinoma without muscle invasion. Primary transitional cell carcinoma occurring in the ureteral stump after nephrectomy for infected non-functional kidney is rare. We review the literature and discuss the diagnosis and potential etiologies of tumor formation in the ureteral stump.