從明暗變化探討頭蓋骨輪廓與形體展現

「藝用解剖學」的研究在寫實的人體造型藝術實踐中占有極重要的地位。本文從「藝用解剖學」的角度探究人體頭部的塑造，針對「頭蓋骨」進行分析：頭蓋骨雖占頭部的大半範圍，外觀上卻沒有明確的輪廓，如果不從表面解剖研究，很難掌握頭部形體；創作時若能對此課題深入瞭解，必能讓人像頭部之形態展現更為精準。本研究採文獻探討與實物觀察等多重途徑，特別藉由光線向量的安排，透過明暗差異來突顯、呈現人體頭部結構及其形體變化，以科學的務實方法探究頭蓋骨外圍輪廓各個角度之變化規律、體表特徵位置，期能對人體造型藝術之研究作出貢獻。

關鍵字

藝用解剖學；頭蓋骨；外圍輪廓；體表展現；光線向量

並列摘要

The study of anatomy for artists plays an important role in the realistic portrayal of the human body in art. This article analyzes the form of the head from the angle of anatomy for artists, and considers the fact that while the cranium accounts for a large share of the surface of the head, it has no clear profile; the head is consequently difficult to portray effectively if the surface anatomy of the cranium is neglected. In art, a better grasp of the shape of the cranium will enable the artist to depict the human form more accurately. This study relies on a review of the literature and physical observations, and particularly on the use of light vectors, to reveal the structure of the cranium. Variations of light and shade are employed to highlight the cranium's form. A scientific, practical approach is used to investigate the regularly varying angles of the cranial profile and highlight characteristic locations on the cranial surface. It is hoped that this study will provide artists with a comprehensive account of the shape of the human body arts.