《韓非子》的官僚課責智慧

《韓非子》的學說師承儒家，融合道家智慧，而以法家為本位，被譽為中國古代最完整、最重要之政治學典籍；《韓非子》一書文勢雄偉峻峭、詞章華美酣暢，是先秦四大散文巨著之一，其核心論點圍繞在「崇法」、「用術」、「任勢」等三種主張之上。本研究試圖運用比較研究方法，分析《韓非子》一書的內容，根據現代「官僚課責」的內、外部重要機制，建構比較分析架構，以此分析《韓非子》一書中的「無為術」、「形名術」、「參伍術」、「聽言術」等有關公共組織管理方法。研究結果發現，《韓非子》的內容特別強調組織的內部課責機制。包括在「層級課責」當中，運用「內部紀律準則」與「首長權威」的制度設計；以及，在「專業課責」部分，則是強調「建構專業倫理規範」與對「個人行為要求」上進行規範。本研究透過中西方公共組織管理內涵的比較分析，有助於當代學者瞭解《韓非子》中的官僚課責智慧。

關鍵字

公共組織管理；官僚課責；韓非子

並列摘要

The theory of Han-Fei-Tzu is from Confucianism, incorporates Taoist Wisdom, and based on Legalism. It has a reputation as the most complete and significant political classic in ancient China. With its majestic writing and luxuriant flowery language, Han-Fei-Tzu is one of the four prose monumental works of the Qin Dynasty. Its core argument revolves around three notions: respecting laws, using methods, and following the circumstances. This exploratory study attempts to use comparative research methods to analyze its contents. Making a comparative analysis framework from internal and external mechanisms of modern bureaucratic accountability analyzes the public organization management methods. The studies discovered that the content of Han-Fei-Tzu particularly emphasizes the internal accountability mechanism of the organization. It uses the internal discipline standard and senior official authority system design in hierarchy accountability, and builds professional ethics regulation and personal behavior request in professional accountability. Through the comparative analysis of the connotation of Chinese and Western public organization management, this research helps contemporary scholars understand the wisdom of bureaucratic accountability in Han-Fei-Tzu.