台灣宮廟農民曆「十二生肖流年運勢」及「十二生肖祭解表」內容分析研究：以「太歲十二神煞」順逆辨正為例

由「太歲信仰」延伸「祭解」與「補運」文化在台灣廣為流行，然坊間農民曆或宮廟「太歲十二神煞」順序卻同時出現「順行」與「逆行」何者正確令人莫衷一是？本研究文獻考證古籍自晉、唐、宋、元、明至清朝官方頒布「欽定協紀辨方書」至現代專業擇日通書，均詳載「太歲十二神煞」為順行。本研究實證收集2023與2024年台灣農民曆及宮廟祭解海報，以「內容分析」研究法進行「太歲十二神煞順序」分析得到結論：1.「十二生肖流年運勢」2023年收集85本農民曆，34本順行相符（40%），51本逆行相異（60%）；2024年收集133本農民曆，36本順行相符（27%），97本相異（73%）。2.「宮廟十二生肖祭解表」2023年收集56張祭解表，7家順行相符（12%），49家相異（88%）；2024年收集94張祭解表，11家順行相符（12%），83家相異（88%）。3.兩年均有8家「宮廟祭解海報逆行」與「農民曆順行」自相矛盾。現行「太歲十二神煞」以缺乏考據的「逆行」成為主流，是否逐漸削弱公眾對傳統民俗信仰價值體系的信任感，值得吾人關注與重視。

關鍵字

太歲信仰；太歲十二神煞；農民曆；十二生肖流年運勢；生肖祭解表

並列摘要

"Tai Sui Belief" has given rise to the widespread culture in Taiwan. However, Lunar Calendars and Temple sacrifice tables show discrepancies in the "12 Deities of Tai Sui" using both "sequential" and "reverse" orders. Which is correct? This study conducts a literature review, finding consistently document the sequential order. Empirical data was collected Taiwan Lunar Calendars and Temple posters. The study using "Content Analysis" research method to compare with sequential order of "12 Deities of Tai Sui". 1. About Lunar Calendars, there are 34 matched sequential order (40%), but 51 reversed (60%) in 2023; there are 36 matched sequential order (27%), but 97 reversed (73%) in 2024. 2. About Temple Sacrifice Rituals Tables, there are 7 matched sequential order (12%), but 49 reversed (88%) in 2023; there are 11 matched sequential order (12%), but 83 reversed (88%) in 2024. The study concludes the reverse order which lacks substantiated evidence is predominantly used. This phenomenon may gradually infiltrate folk culture and mislead worshippers, eroding public trust in the traditional value system. This issue warrants significant attention and concern.