馬華文學的主體性：中華元素與馬來西亞元素的融合與消長

Subjectivity in Mahua Literature: The Interplay of Chineseness and Malaysianess

郭紫薇(Florence Kuek)

《應華學報》 24期 (2021/06) Pp. 1-30

https://doi.org/10.6391/JAC.202106_(24).0001

摘要

以中文書寫的馬來西亞華文文學，即馬華文學，從未被大馬官方正式承認爲國家文學的重要一員。由於選擇以中文而不是馬來文來創作，馬華文學的定位有時難免有些難以被界定。不是，如果從文學語言及寫作主題等方面來閱讀這些作品，特別是二戰以後的馬華文學，其主體性和地緣性非常鮮明，雖然思維中帶著“中華元素”，所勾劃的人文風情畢竟還是非常“馬來西亞”的。在馬華文學的發展進程中，“中華元素”和“馬來西亞元素”的融合與消長與大馬華人的身份定位息息相關。此外，馬華文學也可作為大馬華人認定馬來西亞為本家本國的考證文獻。

關鍵字

馬華文學 ； 馬來西亞華人 ； 中華元素 ； 馬來西亞元素 ； 家國 ； 身份認同

並列摘要

Written in the Chinese language, Chinese Malaysian literature known as the Mahua Literature has never been officially recognized as part of the Malaysian National Literature. Since these literary works are not written in the Malay language, the positioning or identification of Mahua literature itself has been a subject of concern among literary scholars and the writers themselves. However, if one were to examine its development and the themes or social political concerns in the corpus of Mahua literature, "Malaysianess" actually interplays with Chineseness at the core of the Mahua's identity. In fact, conceptually, a distinct Chinese Malaysianness has evolved and this feature has been ingrained in the Mahua writings ever since after the World War II. The subjectivity and the uniqueness in Mahua literature are noticeably distinct. The article presents the interplay of Chinesenss and Malaysianess in Mahua literature through the different eras in Malaysian history. It discusses the rationale of the cultural Chinessness element in Mahua literature, which coexists without any conflict with the Mahua writers identifying Malaysia as their homeland.

並列關鍵字

Mahua literature ； Chinese in Malaysia ； Chineseness ； Malaysianess ； Homeland ； Identity