魏晉時期以前「國士」一詞涵義研究

先秦時期，「國士」原本的涵義是側重本國、本邦之士，以及勇猛之士，至《呂氏春秋》一書編纂，賦予「國士」一詞較多的理想色彩與期待標準，「國士」一詞的涵義變得複雜而飽滿，難免遮掩原本的涵義。觀察司馬遷《史記》、班固《漢書》、范曄《後漢書》、陳壽《三國志》等史籍，以及《晉書》、《世說新語》等研究魏晉時期的重要史料，大致符合先秦時期的發展趨勢之結果；反映秦漢大一統體制的影響（各邦、各國消失），以及「崇文抑武」的意識型態。透過歸納現象，探討變化軌跡背後代表的觀念、價值，魏晉時期以前「國士」一詞的使用趨向即逐漸明晰，一些枝節的學術議題將迎刃而解。

關鍵字

國士；奇士；前四史；《呂氏春秋》

並列摘要

The original meaning of the "national soldier" was to focus on "the man of the country", "the brave man" during the pre-Qin period. However, the phrase "national soldier" was giving more idealistic and expected standards by the "Lü's spring and autumn" during the late Warring States. The meaning of the phrase "national soldier" has become complex and full of multiple meanings. Meanwhile, it also obscured the original meaning. Observing the historical books such as "History", Bangu's "Han Book", Fan Wei's "Post-Han Book" and Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms", as well as the important historical materials of the Wei-Jin period, such as "Jin Book" and "Speaking New Languages", the meaning of "national soldiers" basically continues the development trend of the pre-Qin period, while reflecting the influence of the Qin-Han unified system and the unfriendly attitude towards the samurai. During the early Tang period, Yan Shigu used the phrase "the country's extraordinary talents" to explain "national soldiers". Even if there is no special emphasis on the meaning of "brave man", considering the content of the word "extraordinary" before the Wei Jin period has been very diverse and rich, Yan's annotation is basically quite accurate.

並列關鍵字

national soldier ； the country's extraordinary talents ； The First Four History ； "Lü's spring and autumn"

國際替代計量

魏晉時期以前「國士」一詞涵義研究

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