- 期刊
臺灣華語文教材與一般日常語音差異初探－以媒體常報導語詞為例
A Preliminary Study on the Differences between Taiwanese Mandarin Textbooks and Everyday Spoken Language - Using Commonly Reported Terms in the Media as Examples
摘要
臺灣華語教學及教材中所使用的字詞語音和一般民眾生活使用語音之間的差異，研究者曾有一些討論，例如胡維庭曾提出，在華語文教學、認證與考科方面，華語文教師和學生所使用的語言和一般民眾日常使用的語言存在差異，戴俊芬則從多音字的角度切入，觀察到華語教材雖以《國語一字多音審訂表》（以下簡稱為88《審訂表》）為標準，但其中有些字詞讀音和臺灣民眾習用語音有差異，可能會造成來臺灣學習與生活的外籍學生之困惑。88《審訂表》歷經了二十多年的語言流變後，其審定音、華語文教材讀音及民眾習用讀音的歧異狀況為何？本文嘗試加以探討，企以提供華語文教學、測驗、評量及教材編輯應用。本研究應用語料庫統計法及比較分析法，選擇媒體常報導且同見於《實用視聽華語》、《時代華語》、《當代中文課程》三種華語教材當中之詞例，對比口語語料庫的調查成果。研究發現，在此24字32詞中，共有21字25詞是華語文教材讀音異於日常讀音者，而有20字24詞的讀音同於88《審訂表》審定音，可見華語文教材的標音除遵循88《審訂表》審定音外，也存在著一些例外的情形。對此，本文對華語文教材未來的編纂建議上，認為課文取音為達到學習正確的標準，需標注規範音作為憑依，或也可另注或補充臺灣民眾常用讀音，令學生在學習規範音讀外，還能認識本土特色語音，在語言文化上能拓展更寬廣的視野。
並列摘要
The difference in pronunciation of words used in Taiwanese Mandarin teaching and materials, and the pronunciation used by the general public in daily life has been discussed by researchers. For example, 胡維庭 pointed out that in Mandarin teaching, certification, and examinations, the language used by Mandarin teachers and students differs from that used by the general public in daily life. 戴俊芬 approached from the perspective of polyphonic characters and observed that although Mandarin teaching materials use the "Amended Table of Mandarin Characters with Variant Pronunciations" as a standard, some of the pronunciations in it differ from the customary pronunciations of the Taiwanese public, which may confuse foreign students who come to Taiwan to study and live. After more than twenty years of linguistic evolution, what are the discrepancies between the approved pronunciations in the "Amended Table of Mandarin Characters with Variant Pronunciations", the pronunciations in Mandarin teaching materials, and the customary pronunciations of the public? This article attempts to explore these issues, aiming to provide insights for Mandarin teaching, testing, evaluation, and material editing. This study utilized corpus statistical methods and comparative analysis to select word examples that are frequently reported in the media and are also found in three Mandarin textbooks: "Practical Audio-Visual Chinese," "Modern Chinese," and "A Course in Contemporary Chinese." These were then compared with the results from spoken language corpus research. The study found that out of the 24 characters and 32 words examined, 21 characters and 25 words in the Mandarin textbooks had pronunciations different from their daily usage. Meanwhile, 20 characters and 24 words had pronunciations consistent with the approved sounds in the "Amended Table of Mandarin Characters with Variant Pronunciations." It's evident that while the pronunciation markings in Mandarin textbooks primarily follow the approved sounds in the "Amended Table of Mandarin Characters with Variant Pronunciations," there are some exceptions. In light of this, this article suggests that future Mandarin textbook compilations should aim for accurate pronunciation standards by marking normative sounds as a reference. Additionally, they could provide annotations or supplements with pronunciations commonly used by the Taiwanese public. This would not only allow students to learn the standard pronunciation but also familiarize them with the local linguistic characteristics, broadening their horizons in language and culture.