- 期刊
介於「分」與「合」間的家訓架構—以《紫陽朱子家訓》與《朱柏廬治家格言》為範例
A Family Instruction Framework between 'Differentiation' and 'Comprehensive': Taking The Family Instructions of Master Zhu and Maxims for the Management of the Family by Zhu Bailu as Examples
摘要
中國人注重家族傳承，留存許多家訓類的作品。所以建立其基本架構，呈現家訓的範圍與精神，並助有助於眾作品的分類，對於家訓類的研究有其重要意義。學者的研究中，有從「區分」角度來研究家訓。以對象來說，有兒童、婦女、家人、知識分子、帝王等：以內容來說，有家族理念、儀式、規矩等；以寫作形式言，有格言、詩歌、文章、書籍等。這些分類標準詳細但細瑣。也有從「綜合」的角度來論述。例如指出傳統家訓都有「家國一體」的傳統，家訓和國訓相輔相成；或者指出它們都符合「理用合一」的性質，道理與實務相涵相融。這兩點都歸納出家訓的內在精神，但簡略而看不出家訓之間有什麼差別。本文從家訓的發展歷史作為起點，並以朱熹〈紫陽家訓〉與朱柏廬〈治家格言〉作為具體範例，嘗試建立一個既綜合、又能區分的架構，作為家訓類研究的參考基礎。為此，本文從三個項目對這兩部作品進行量化分析：一是「理—用」，分析兩者的內容究竟是屬於論理或實務；二是「內—外」，區分這些訓諭是屬於家務或普遍事務；三是「肯定—否定」，確定它們的用語是屬於肯定或否定。最後，本文提出傳統家訓「三層兩端」的架構，以之涵蓋眾家訓的內容與範圍（綜合），並可作為眾家訓的分類（區分）綱領。
並列摘要
Chinese culture places a strong emphasis on family lineage, resulting in the accumulation of numerous works in the genre of family instructions. Consequently, establishing a framework that facilitates a well-organized categorization of these family instruction works holds significant relevance for the study of this genre. Chinese culture places a strong emphasis on family lineage, resulting in the accumulation of numerous works in the genre of family instructions. Consequently, establishing a framework that facilitates a well-organized categorization of these family instruction works holds significant relevance for the study of this genre. In scholars' research, some adopt a perspective of 'differentiation.' For instance, in terms of subjects, these encompass children, women, family members, intellectuals, monarchs, and the like. Regarding content, there are family ideologies, family life rituals, family regulations, and more. In terms of writing forms, one encounters maxims, poems, essays, books, and the like. These classification criteria are detailed, but they tend to be overly intricate, lacking the function of comprehensive summarization. Some scholars also approach the subject from a 'comprehensive' perspective. For instance, they point out that traditional family instructions share a tradition of 'integration of family and country,' where family instructions and national instructions complement each other. Alternatively, they highlight that both of them adhere to the principle of 'unity of theory and practice,' where theory and practice are intertwined. These two points offer a concise summary, but they can be overly simplistic, failing to reveal the distinctions among different family instructions. This article starts from the development history of family instruction and takes Zhu Xi's The Family Instructions of Master Zhu and Zhu Bailu's Maxims for the Management of the Family by Zhu Bailu as the research subjects, aiming to establish a framework that encompasses both the 'differentiation' and 'comprehensive' perspectives. This framework serves as a reference foundation for the study of family instructions. This article conducts quantitative analysis from three perspectives: firstly, the 'conceptual-practical' dimension, analyzing whether the content falls under theoretical or practical aspects. Secondly, the 'internal-external' dimension, distinguishing whether these teachings pertain to family affairs or general matters. Thirdly, the 'affirmative-negative' dimension, determining whether their language is affirmative or negative in nature. Finally, this article proposes the "three layers and two ends" structure of traditional family instructions, which covers the content and scope (synthesis) of family mottos and can be used as a classification (differentiation) guideline for family mottos.