清代中葉古典海洋詩歌釐探：以嘉慶五年琉球冊封使趙文楷、李鼎元的海洋經驗為中心的考察

A Study of Maritime Poetry in Mid-Qing Period: Focusing on the Liu-Qiu Experience of the Imperial Envoys to Liu-Qiu in 1800

廖肇亨(Chao-Heng Liao)

《海洋文化學刊》 8期 (2010/06) Pp. 31-63

https://doi.org/10.29473/OCJ.201006.0002

摘要

明清琉球冊封使的航海經驗，在中國海洋文化書寫系譜中十分特別，他們既代表了天朝體貌，又有海洋航行的親身經歷。乾嘉時期的琉球冊封使及其從客的海洋書寫，成為乾嘉詩人觀看他者的重要門徑，同時為身處太平盛世的詩人提供新的文化刺激與美感經驗。嘉慶五年，趙文楷(1761-1808)、李鼎元(1750-1805)承嘉慶皇帝諭旨出使琉球，文人友朋贈詩多達二千首，可謂乾嘉詩壇的一大盛事。
本文以琉球冊封使趙文楷、李鼎元的詩作為主要討論對象，並從航海經驗、靖海剿寇、異國聞見三個面向進行討論，藉以探析二人在使琉書寫系譜中的獨特性，從而就清代中葉琉球冊封使海洋文化書寫義蘊及其相關社會文化脈絡的相互關係加以省思，冀以對認識當時中琉文化交流有所幫助。

關鍵字

清代中葉 ； 琉球 ； 使琉球記 ； 趙文楷 ； 李鼎元 ； 海洋經驗

並列摘要

The navigation experience of the envoys assigned to Liu-Qiu during the Ming and Qing Dynasties is quite a special portion in the Ocean Culture Recording of China, because they were on one hand the imperial representatives and on the other hand persons with navigation experiences. The writing or records made by envoys assigned during the Qing Qian-Jia Period opened a window to another world for the poets of that time. In the 5th year of Jia-Qing Reign, Zhao Wen-Kai (1761-1808) and Lee Ding-Yuan (1750-1805) both were assigned by Emperor Jia-Qing as envoys to Liu-Qiu; in celebration of which, scholars, poets and friends then wrote up to 2000 poems as gifts for these two newly assigned envoys, making it a great event in poetic circles at the time.
This article explored Zhao's and Lee's uniqueness in recording/writing their observations of Liu-Qui by discussing these two envoys' poetry from three dimensions: navigation experience, Earl Jin-Hai's suppression of pirates, and exotic experiences. It also discussed and reflected upon the relationship between the meaning of ocean culture recording made by envoys assigned to Liu-Qiu during the Mid-Qing Dynasty and its related social and cultural correlation, in hope of augmenting understanding of cultural interaction between China and Liu-Qiu.

並列關鍵字

Mid-Qing period ； Shi Liu-Qiu lu Chinese: 使琉球錄 the Travel Records to Liu-Qiu ； Liu-Qiu Japanese: Ryukyu ； Zhao Wen-Kai ； Lee Ding-Yuan ； ocean experience

參考文獻

明蕭崇業(1984)。使琉球錄三種。臺北市:大通書局。

〔清〕王文治，《海天遊草》，《夢樓詩集》，台北：學海出版社，1947。

清王弘(1999)。山志。北京:中華書局。

清阮元(1993)。揅經室集。北京:中華書局。

清李漁(1992)。李漁全集。杭州:浙江古籍出版社。