高中徒手肌力訓練對國中田徑選手基礎運動素質之影響

本研究目的在於探討徒手肌力訓練對國中田徑選手基礎運動素質之影響。研究對象為30名國中田徑選手（男、女性各15名）；徒手肌力訓練則為期8週、每週3次、每次40分鐘；受試者接受訓練前、後皆進行肌力（仰臥起坐）、爆發力（立定跳遠與垂直跳高）、心肺耐力（男性1600公尺與女性800公尺跑走）、關節活動度（坐姿體前彎）、敏捷（六角敏捷測試）、平衡（平衡測試與閉眼平衡測試）等基礎運動素質檢測；統計則以相依與獨立樣本t考驗進行，顯著水準皆定為α=.05。結果發現：一、男性選手訓練後，除坐姿體前彎外，仰臥起坐、立定跳遠、垂直跳高、心肺耐力、敏捷測試、平衡測試、閉眼平衡的表現顯著優於訓練前。二、女性選手訓練後，仰臥起坐、立定跳遠、垂直跳高、心肺耐力、敏捷測試、平衡測試、閉眼平衡的表現顯著優於訓練前；但坐姿體前彎的表現卻較訓練前來得差。三、全體選手訓練後，各項測試結果和基礎運動素質表現與女性選手相同。四、經訓練後，男性受試者垂直跳高進步幅度顯著優於女性受試者；女性受試者心肺耐力進步幅度顯著優於男性受試者。除坐姿體前彎外，受試者各項基礎運動素質在訓練後均有顯著進步，故本研究訓練方式可作為教練或體育教師在擬定訓練計畫時的參考。

關鍵字

重量訓練；性別；體適能要素

並列摘要

The purpose of this research to study the effects of autologous strength training on basic sports qualities of junior high school track and field players. 30 track and field team players from junior high school were recruited as subjects (15 males; 15 females). The total duration of this training was 8 weeks, 3 times a week and 40 minutes each time. All subjects were accepted basic sports quality tests including strength (sit-ups), power (standing long jump and vertical jump), cardiopulmonary endurance (1600m walk-run for males and 800m walk-run for females), joint mobility (sit and reach test), agility (hexagon agility test) and balance (balance test and balance test with eyes closed) before and after training. Statistics were performed by dependent and independent sample t-test. The statistically significant level of this study was set at α=.05. Results showed: 1. Male players' performances after training were better than the performances before training on sit-ups, standing long jump, vertical jump, cardiopulmonary endurance, agility, balance test and balance test with eyes closed except sit and reach test. 2. Female players' performances after training were better than the performances before training on sit-ups, standing long jump, vertical jump, cardiopulmonary endurance, agility, balance test and balance test, but the performance of sit-ups after training were poor than the performance before training. 3. The test results and the performances of basic sports qualities of all male and female players were the same with female players. 4. Male players' progresses on vertical jump were better significantly than female players and female players' progresses on cardiopulmonary endurance were better significantly than male players. Besides sit and reach test, other basic sports qualities of whole male and female players made progress obviously after training. It meant the training method of this research can be used as a reference for coaches or physical education teachers when drawing up training projects.