郭沫若與〈甲申三百年祭〉

郭沫若於1944年發表〈甲申三百年祭〉（以下簡稱〈甲申〉），引發了一連串的風波。本文以個案取向處理環繞著〈甲申〉的相關歷史情勢，盡可能地避免意識形態的糾結，從比較寬廣的脈絡（政治的、學術的〔包括廣義的學術史與史學史〕、思想的）來詮解它的問世及效應。本文首先探討〈甲申〉問世的政治脈絡，分別就「郭沫若與中共戰時的文化統戰」、「中共戰時的『反中國法西斯』鬥爭」兩個主題進行說明。政治脈絡之外，本文重建「郭沫若寫作〈甲申〉的心路旅程」，論述他的創作興趣―特別是對將歷史題材戲劇化的創作興趣―也是此文出現的因素。在分析〈甲申〉的論旨後，並析論〈甲申〉的現實迴響，批判者、唱和者，各皆有之，甚亦產生讓中共領導階層用以達成「整風」的政治用途。最後，從學術史業績的角度、中國馬克思主義史學發展的脈絡以及思想史的脈絡，分別進行評估，指出〈甲申〉的重要性，並不是由於它在這些方面有什麼樣的獨創性或先驅作用，而是政治現實烘托而成的。本文嘗試以比較細緻的個案探討方式，進行疏理與解析。以〈甲申〉爲例，正可顯示歷史論述與政治現實的互動關聯相當複雜，有待後世的史學工作者細心疏理的問題空問，實是無限寬廣。

關鍵字

郭沫若；甲申三百年祭；整風運動；中國馬克思主義史學

並列摘要

Kuo Mo-jo was a famous leftist intellectual and pioneering Chinese Marxist historian, and his ”Chia-shen San-pai-nien-chi” (Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Chia-shen Year) written in 1944, represented one of the conflicts in the cultural sphere between the Nationalist and the Communists during the 1940s. In this paper, the author first tried to show the political context of ”Chia-shen” and the reasons why Kuo wrote it, and then describe the positive and negative responses it generated. Treating ”Chia-shen” especially as a historical discourse, an attempt was made to explain how it was transformed to become one of the ideological weapons for the ”cheng-feng” movement (the Rectification movement) by Mao, the leader of the CCP. Finally, the author evaluates the academic value and the intellectual context of ”Chia-shen”. The author puts forward the view that, by using ”Chia-shen” as a case study, we can find that as the interaction between historical discourse and political reality is complex, historians have to be careful in dealing with their relationships.

並列關鍵字

Kuo Mo-jo ； Chia-shen San-pai-nien-chi Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Chia-shen Year ； the cheng-feng movement the Rectification movement ； Chinese Marxist Historiography