從自我書寫到公眾展演：艾佩琪（Peggy Abkhazi）的戰時日記

From Self-Writing to Public Performance: Peggy Abkhazi's Wartime Diary

連玲玲(Ling-Ling Lien)

《近代史研究所集刊》 86期 (2014/12) Pp. 49-93

摘要

本文以艾佩琪（Peggy Abkhazi, 1902-1994）為例，分析日記的書寫與流通如何影響自我的建構。二十世紀初出生於上海的英籍婦女艾佩琪，在太平洋戰爭期間被拘禁於上海龍華的「敵國人集團生活所」，此乃日軍在古領區內針對交戰國的非戰門人員所設置的收容所，以杜絕任何抵抗或通敵行為。珍珠港事變一爆發，艾佩琪便立志為這個時代留下見證，並一直持續到戰爭結束，因此這部日記可謂其戰爭經驗、尤其是拘禁時期的生活紀錄。不同於一般將日記視為擷取資訊的資料庫，本文的研究重點乃在於日記如何成為戰時日常生活的一部份，以及它對日記作者的意義。後來這部日記在1980年代以後，分別在加拿大及英國出版共三次；由於出版過程影響日記的解讀方式，因此本文也探討日記作者如何透過出版來自我展演、進而重新定義自己的角色。日記出版之後，它又成為「上海外國人」主張集體記憶的文本，並成為艾佩琪新移民地的地方認同文本。整體而言，本文希望藉由多層次地閱讀日記，探索更多日記研究的可能性。

關鍵字

日記 ； 太平洋戰爭 ； 敵國人集團生活所 ； 集中營 ； 上海外國人

並列摘要

This article analyzes Peggy Abkhazi's diary to examine how journal writing affected self-construction. Born in early twentieth-century Shanghai, the British woman Peggy Abkhazi was interned in the Civil Assembly Center (CAC) in Shanghai during the Pacific War (194 1-1945). During her internment, she recorded details of her daily life in the CAC until the end of the war. Rather than using the diary as a source to reconstruct the organization of the CAC, this article examines the action of keeping a journal: how journal-keeping became part of daily life during the war and what it meant to the diarist. Published three times since the 1980s, Peggy Abkhazi's diary served not only to unveil a wartime story but also to rebuild the collective memory of the so-called Shanghailanders as well as strengthen the local identity of new immigrants. Tracing the multi-layered history of diary writing and publishing, this article explores new ways of studying diaries.

並列關鍵字

diary ； the Pacific War ； Alien Civilian Assembly Center ； concentrate camp ； Shanghailander

參考文獻

Abkhazi Archives, University of Victoria, B. C. Canada, RG No: AR325, Box1/5-2/5. Peggy Abkhazi's Diary, manuscript. Daphne Fredericks' letter to Peggy Abkhazi, dated October 10, 1984. Galina Smirnoff's letter to Peggy Abkhazi, dated February 17, 1982. Peggy Abkhazi's letter to Daphne Fredericks, dated November 4, 1984. Peggy Abkhazi's letter to Daphne Fredericks, dated November 21, 1984. Peggy Abkhazi's letter to Japanese Ambassador, dated December 4, 1982. Peggy Abkhazi's letter to Japanese Ambassador, dated December 16, 1982. Peggy Abkhazi's letter to Richard Teleky, dated September 11, 1986.

(“Interview Records of R. Mabel Haynes,” OH2317, in the Center of Oral and Public History, California State University at Fullerton).

(Ken Flemons, “Out of the Frying Pan,” Private Papers of K. J. Flemons, Imperial War Museum (London), Documents 2230.).

(L. A. Collyer's Diary, copy of transcribed manuscript, in the special collection of the University of Honk Kong.).

陶菊隱(1979)。孤島見聞—抗戰時期的上海。上海:上海人民出版社。