蔣介石的蘇俄行與訪俄前後的蘇聯觀

對於近現代中國來說，俄國扮演的角色始終耐人尋味，蔣介石1923年訪俄的這段經歷，對於蔣氏深入了解俄國有莫大助益。儘管史學界對於蔣介石的評價兩極，但大部分史家大概都同意，蔣氏自俄返國後，對俄國充滿疑慮，進而反對孫逸仙的聯俄政策。是反共的先知？還是表裡不一，口蜜腹劍的陰謀者？蔣介石之所以聯俄，只為取得俄國援助。這種說法，其實過度簡化蔣介石的對蘇態度。基於政治立場的神格化或妖魔化，都無助於對歷史的還原。本文從近年來開放的《蔣介石日記》等相關檔案，以及早期出版的言論集中，重新審視蔣介石在1923年蘇俄之行前後的對蘇觀感。

關鍵字

孫逸仙代表團；蔣介石；聯俄；中蘇關係

並列摘要

For modern China, the role played by Russia has always been intriguing. Chiang Kai-shek's visit to Russia in 1923 was of great help to Chiang's in-depth understanding of Russia. Although the evaluation of Chiang Kai-shek in the historian circle is polarized, most historians probably agree that after returning from Russia, Chiang was full of doubts about Russia and opposed Sun Yat-sen's Russia policy. Anti-communist prophet? Or is it a plotter who is duplicity in appearance and has a sword in his mouth? The reason why Chiang Kai-shek allied with Russia was only to obtain Russian aid. This statement actually oversimplifies Chiang Kai-shek's attitude towards Russia. The deification or demonization based on political stance will not help restore history. This article re-examines Chiang Kai-shek's perception of the Soviet Union before and after his trip to Russia in 1923 from the related archives such as "Chiang Kai-shek's Diary" that have been accepted in recent years, as well as the collection of remarks published in the early days.