土地利用變遷對社會結構之影響－以雲林沿海鄉鎭爲例

雲林縣原爲農業大縣，經濟產業以農漁爲主體，近年積極爭取沿海地區開發，於1993年利用外海抽砂造地，興建台灣西部濱海最大離島工業區，並於2004年第一期完工營運，傳統農業與養殖漁業的土地利用型態，隨工業區開發進度逐漸形成空間部分重組，並改變人口資源結構，對過去長期處於人口外移的雲林縣，工業區開發影響人口與經濟結構甚鉅•本文利用地理資訊系統數化1993及2003年的土地利用分區，利用景觀生態模式分析雲林沿海四鄉土地利用變遷特質，並搭配人口及經濟結構變化資料，分析整體社經結構之轉變及影響。分析結果顯示，沿海四鄉土地型態以農、漁類變遷較明顯。麥寮鄉、台西鄉工業區面積增加，而此二鄉鎮，其周邊的景觀生態改變亦較明顯，沙灘地減少，防風林增加。人口結構部份，麥寮鄉因工業區開闢較早，所以長時間減緩人口老化問題，並且形外來人口的拉力，使得週邊設施需求提高，因此促成當地經濟發展；四湖鄉、口湖鄉因爲沒有鄉工業區在其中，反倒繼續維持第一級產業爲主；而人口結構也依舊維持人口減少，人口老化的情況。近來由於人才需求量大，設有工業區地區其就業情況大多轉型，農、漁業人口減少，二種利用型態面積減少。

關鍵字

景觀生態模式；土地利用變遷；離島式工業區；人口結構；社會經濟結構

並列摘要

This study monitors the long-term dynamics of social economics structure changes in Yuin-Lin coastal plain. The landuse types have changed greatly since the estate industrial area was constructed in 1993. Five landuse types, including industrial area, farm lands, fish farms, windbreaks, and estuary wetlands were delineated by using remote sensing imagery and GIS. Landscape ecological model was adopted to analyze the landuse changes between 1993 and 2003. The result indicated that the farm land and the fish farms changed greatly than the other landuse types. The industrial areas of Mailiau and Taishi increased the most that caused the highly reduction of wetlands and windbreaks. Mailiau village was benefited from the development of industrial area because the increasing immigrants restructured the population pyramid and the economics source types. On the contrary, there was no industrial area in the Zehu and Kohu villages, the total population decreased while the senior population increased gradually, and the primary industry was the major economic type in these coastal villages.