戶外教育效益機轉模式之典型相關研究－以新北市某國民中學隔宿露營為例

本研究目的旨在探討戶外教育效益機轉模式是否適合應用在國民中學隔宿露營活動。先以文獻分析法討論戶外教育效益機轉相關理論，其次在實證研究上，以吳崇旗(2006)發展之「建構戶外冒險教育效益機轉模式量表」為研究工具，經原作者同意後修改量表以符合本研究之研究目的。在量表預試部分，以項目分析、信度考驗及因素分析，建構具良好的信、效度分析。完成量表修訂後，進行正式量表施測。研究者以問卷調查法瞭解新北市某國民中學學生參與隔宿露營在體驗特性與活動效益的影響。選定於新北市立某國中二年級學生參與隔宿露營者為研究對象。問卷共發出851份，回收828份，有效問卷762份。所得資料以SPSS 22.0中文版進行統計分析，使用描述統計、獨立樣本t檢定、相關性分析法與典型相關等統計方法進行分析。本研究主要發現如下:一、不同性別之國中生其體驗特性與活動效益有顯著差異。二、體驗特性與各活動效益間呈顯著中度正相關。三、體驗特性與活動效益之典型相關分析具有顯著關係。四、在典型相關分析中，體驗特性之立即結果因素最能影響活動效益。本研究依據研究結論提出對戶外教育實務應用與後續研究之建議，以作為提升隔宿露營活動效益之參考。

關鍵字

戶外教育；效益機轉；隔宿露營

並列摘要

The present study aimed to investigate whether the Model of Mechanisms for Outdoor Education Benefits was suitable for junior high school overnight camping. First, document analysis was adopted in the present study to discuss the relevant theories of the model. Second, the scales of constructing mechanisms for outdoor education benefits (Wu, 2006) were revised with the permission of the author and applied in this empirical study. In addition, the pilot study scales were constructed with item analysis and exploratory factor analysis to assure the reliability and the validity. The scales were thus revised and then tested formally. Based on the questionnaire survey, the present study was to probe into the influence of the experience characteristics and activity benefits of the overnight camping of a junior high school in New Taipei City. The participants were the 8th graders joining the camping of the school. In total, 851 questionnaires were distributed. Among them, 828 were gathered and the valid questionnaires amounted to 762. The data were examined through SPSS 22.0 and analyzed via descriptive statistics, t-test and canonical correlation. The major findings of the present study were listed as follows. 1. Junior high students’ factors of experience characteristics and activity benefits showed significant gender differences. 2. The factors of experience characteristics were moderately and positively correlated with activity benefits. 3. A significant relationship between the factors of experience characteristics and activity benefits was found through canonical correlation analysis. 4. In the first canonical correlation analysis, the immediate effect factor of experience characteristics was the most influential one to the activity benefits. Finally, the present study provided some suggestions for practices and further research on outdoor activity.