棒球夢－一位旅日棒球選手的跨文化適應歷程

旅外是運動員要圓夢的一種選擇，為了與生活環境保持和諧狀態，會表現出各種適應性的反應，包括改變自己以適應環境的要求，或是改變環境來滿足自己的需求。本研究係以探究旅日的棒球選手張奕接觸棒球運動的歷程，並解析赴日求學期間所產生跨文化適應問題。資料收集採半結構式訪談，並採用敘說的方式，透過Riessman（1993）經驗世界再次呈現的五個層面，關注、訴說、轉錄、分析、閱讀，詮釋張奕的遭遇。經本研究發現，張奕在求學階段就嚮往成為日本職業棒球選手，主要源自對夢想有著深厚的期許，而家人支持與自我信念更是邁向成功的關鍵因素；在跨文化適應部份，面對語言與日常生活，他以高自我效能克服問題；而互動性適應上，面對教練與隊友的相處與訓練模式，他則透過服從及心理堅韌特質，從異文化中脫穎而出；最後在工作環境適應，因張奕挑戰日職聯盟的過程中，面臨了自我角色定位與期望落差，張奕秉持信念走出低潮。在異地的適應上，運動員往往需要在語言、生活、人際互動與工作方面不斷地自我調整，且必須保持原有的初衷與高強度的自我信念，使自身在面對跨文化的限制與束縛時，能找到自我在異地存在的價值。

關鍵字

心理堅韌性；自我效能；社會支持

並列摘要

The athletes go abroad were a choice to realize their dreams. In order to maintain harmony with the living environment, they will show various adaptive responses. These responses may include changing themselves to adapt to the environment or changing the environment to satisfy their own needs. This study investigated Taiwanese national baseball player Chang Yi's process with baseball, particularly the crosscultural adaptation challenges he encountered during his studies in Japan as well as his pursuit to join the Nippon Professional Baseball league. This study collected data through semi-structured interviews. The narrative method was adopted to Zhang Yi's story. And used the five aspects of representing the experiential world-attending, telling, transcribing, analyzing, and reading (Riessman, 1993). Chang had aspired to become a professional player in Japan during his studies. His own expectations for this dream, the family's support, and his own beliefs were the key contributing factors of his success. Crosscultural adaptation to the general environment involved adapting to the language and daily living and required high self-efficacy to overcome challenges imposed by the environment. For interaction adaptation, Chang needed to engage well with his coaches and teammates, comply with the training patterns, obey the team's instructions, and mental toughness to stand out in the crosscultural environment. In the process of adapting to the work environment, Chang persisted in his aspiration to join the Nippon Professional Baseball league. Despite not reaching his self-expectations during the process, Chang ultimately rebounded from the bottomby the faith. When adapting to a different place, athletes often need to constantly adjust themselves in terms of language, life, interpersonal interaction and work. And they must maintain their original intentions and high-strength self-belief, so that they can find the value of their existence in a foreign place when facing cross-cultural restrictions and constraints.