創業家先驗知識與自我監控對創業機會辨識的影響：用心的調節效用

在台灣尚未參與創業活動的人群中，近三分之一均期能夠投入創業活動。因此，對創業領域的研究與探討有其迫切的必要性。創業機會辨識乃創業之第一步，創業者需具備的哪些先驗知識會影響機會辨識的成果？而用心能否強化先驗知識對機會辨識之影響？創業者的人格特質是否會影響機會辨識的成果？用心能否調節人格特質對機會辨識之影響？此為本研究之動機。研究結果顯示先驗知識中之市場的先驗知識、服務市場方式的先驗知識、顧客問題的先驗知識、技術的先驗知識、自我監控乃是影響機會辨識之創新程度之重要因子，且用心為先驗知識與自我監控影響機會辨識之創新程度的調節變數。因此，本研究建議有志創業者在創業前應檢視並充實自己之先驗知識以及自己是否適合創業。政府及輔導創業機構應將四種先驗知識加入創業訓練及輔導的計畫中。另，用心的訓練亦是值得導入之訓練課程。

關鍵字

先驗知識；自我監控；用心；機會辨識

並列摘要

Near one third of those who have not taken part in entrepreneurial activities in Taiwan aspire to start their own business. Therefore, entrepreneurship requires further investigation and research. While opportunity recognition is the first step to start a business, several questions remain to be answered. First of all, what prior knowledge owned by entrepreneurs will affect the outcome of opportunity recognition? Secondly, will mindfulness moderate the influence of prior knowledge on opportunity recognition? Finally, will the influence of personality on opportunity recognition be moderated by mindfulness? The results of this research indicate that prior knowledge of markets, prior knowledge of ways to serve markets, prior knowledge of customer problems, prior knowledge of technology, and self-monitoring are important variables in influencing entrepreneurs' opportunity recognition. In addition, the influences of prior knowledge and self-monitoring on opportunity recognition are moderated by mindfulness respectively. Several suggestions are offered in this study. Firstly, those with the intention to start a business should evaluate and enrich their prior knowledge before startup. Secondly, the government and the entrepreneurial counseling institutions should collaborate to develop training courses addressing the four kinds of prior knowledge identified in this study. Finally, mindfulness training is suggested to be incorporated into relevant business training courses.