The content of this paper is to explore the efficient analysis of plastic optical fibers used for medical image transmission. We use the optical modeling software ”ZEMAX” and optical-mechanical modeling software ”ASAP” for designing an optical image transmission system and analyzing optical components in the system. And then by understanding the influence of the image quality in case of changing various parameters and different image transmission structures, an optical image transmission system based on plastic optical fibers is implemented. It can be used to improve the image transmission system for the advantages of simple structure, low cost and convenient operation.